William Carr Beresford - Distinguished Army General - Superb Signed Display

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Seller: asignofthetimes2 ✉️ (33,566) 99.6%, Location: MOORSIDE , OLDHAM, GB, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 383930485464 WILLIAM CARR BERESFORD - DISTINGUISHED ARMY GENERAL - SUPERB SIGNED DISPLAY.

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General  William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, 1st Marquis of Campo Maior , GCB , GCH , PC  (2 October 1768 – 8 January 1854) 

was an Anglo-Irish  soldier and politician. A general in the British Army  and a Marshal  in the Portuguese Army , he fought alongside The Duke of Wellington  in the Peninsular War  and held the office of Master-General of the Ordnance  in 1828 in Wellington's first ministry .

Background [ edit ]

Beresford was the illegitimate son of the 1st Marquess of Waterford . He was the brother of Admiral  Sir John Beresford, 1st Baronet  (who was also illegitimate), and the half-brother of the 2nd Marquess of Waterford , Archbishop  Lord John Beresford  and General  Lord George Beresford .[citation needed ]

Early campaign experience [ edit ] See also: British invasions of the Río de la Plata

Beresford entered the British Army  in 1785 as an ensign in the 6th Regiment of Foot  and the next year he was blinded in one eye due to an incident with a musket . He remained in the service being promoted to captain by 1791 with the 69th Regiment of Foot . He distinguished himself at Toulon  (1793), in Egypt  (1799–1803) and in South Africa (1805). From there crossed the South Atlantic to South America to invade the River Plate region (now Argentina ), with a small British force of 1,500 men, departing on 14  April 1806. Following his move to Cape Town in Cape Colony , Beresford, spurred on by Home Popham , R.N.  (later Rear Admiral  Sir  Home Popham), decided to attack Buenos Aires in Spanish South America. No attempt was made to gain authorization from the Crown for this undertaking. In the invasion of the River Plate , Buenos Aires was occupied for 46 days. However, the British force could not maintain itself against the army gathered by Santiago de Liniers . After a relentless two-day fight with the Buenos Aires  and Montevideo  militias between 10 and 12 August 1806, the British were defeated and forced to capitulate. Beresford had to surrender, remaining prisoner for six months; in the end, he managed to escape and arrived in England in 1807.[1]

Peninsular War [ edit ]

Commander in Chief of the Portuguese Army [ edit ]

In that same year Beresford was sent to Madeira , which he occupied in name of the King of Portugal , remaining there for six months as Governor and Commander in Chief . The exiled Portuguese Government in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, whereto the Portuguese Royal Family had transferred the Court , realised the necessity of appointing a commander-in-chief capable of training, equipping and disciplining the demoralised Portuguese Army. The Portuguese government asked Britain to appoint Arthur Wellesley to this role, Wellesley indicated he could not do the role justice due to his prior engagements and recommended Beresford. He was appointed Marshal  and Commander in Chief  of the Army by Decree of 7 March 1809 and took the command on 15th of the same month. At that time, French general Marshal Soult  had already crossed into Portugal where he occupied Porto . Beresford quickly overhauled the Portuguese forces, bringing them in line with British discipline and organization, and from the General Headquarters (then at the Largo do Calhariz ), he dispatched many "daily orders" altering points of the infantry  ordnance, creating a general command of artillery , establishing the separation of the battalions , firing incompetent or corrupt officers and promoting or appointing appropriate replacements.[citation needed ]

On campaign [ edit ]

On 22 April 1809 Sir Arthur Wellesley , later Duke of Wellington , disembarked in Lisbon , and took over the command of all the Anglo-Portuguese troops whereupon Beresford was nominated Marshal General of the Portuguese Army. The allied armies marched to the North. Wellington moved from Coimbra  directly to Porto , which he entered on 12 May, and Beresford marched through the Province of Beira , arriving that same day at the banks of the Douro  river, in the area of Lamego . Wellington's troops made a forced crossing of the Douro and defeated the French , forcing their Marshall-general Jean-de-Dieu Soult  to withdraw from Porto . Soult was outnumbered and expelled from Portugal; the positioning of Beresford's forces compelled the French to leave Portugal by the poor roads through Montalegre . They managed to cross the border only after sacrificing their artillery and baggage, and faced numerous difficulties during the evacuation.

The Second French Invasion of Portugal was defeated and the allied armies moved back to the South, the British concentrating at Abrantes  and the Portuguese at Castelo Branco . With the intention of cooperating with the Spanish against Marshal Victor , the Anglo-Portuguese forces under Wellesley moved into Spain in the Talavera campaign  while Beresford remained on the Águeda River  covering the Spanish-Portuguese border. After Wellesley's return, now as Viscount Wellington, following the Battle of Talavera , Beresford re-entered Portugal, where he distributed the army at various locations and established his General Headquarters in Lisbon . From Lisbon he dispatched numerous orders and instructions for the reform of the Portuguese military.

In the same year (1809), and the one following he made tours of inspection of the corps that were found quartered in the various provinces and he corrected any defects he noticed and established rules for the functioning of the different branches of the military service. In this way he improved the functioning of the Portuguese Army so that they might face the forces of Napoleon invading the country for the third time. The beneficial results of his efforts were proven at the campaign against Masséna  in particular at the Battle of Buçaco  on 27  September 1810 where the Portuguese troops played a prominent part, and also in the defence of the Lines of Torres Vedras ).

The most notable action in which Beresford held independent command occurred in 1811 when a combined Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish army under his command, intercepted a French army commanded by Marshal Soult, who had been ordered by Marshal Auguste Marmont  to move to protect the important Spanish fortress-city of Badajoz . As the French forces retreated from the Lines of Torres Vedras , Beresford marched towards Badajoz , which he laid siege to. Having, however, received notice that Soult was approaching, he lifted the siege and posted his army at Albuera  in a defensive position. There he defeated the French forces on 16 May 1811. After the bloody Battle of Albuera  the French were forced to retreat, though the siege of Badajoz had to be subsequently abandoned. Meanwhile, on 13 May 1811, he was created Count of Trancoso  in Portugal by decree of Prince Regent John .

At the beginning of July 1811, Beresford was again in Lisbon, but he was subjected to fits of "nervous breakdowns", as described by Brigadier D'Urban, quarter master general of the Portuguese Army. He recuperated in February 1812 and then joined Wellington in his investment of Ciudad Rodrigo . Once the fortified town had fallen, he went with the army to Alentejo , and participated in the Anglo-Portuguese Siege of Badajoz . After Badajoz had been stormed, along with Wellington he once again took up position on the Águeda, and from there launched the Salamanca campaign . On 22 July 1812, the important Battle of Salamanca  was fought, giving the Anglo-Portuguese forces a decisive victory over the French under Marshal Marmont. In the battle Beresford was badly wounded under his left breast while ordering the advance of one of the Portuguese brigades.

He retired to Lisbon, had bouts of fever and was half incapacitated for several months until May of the next year (1813). Meanwhile, he was also created Marquis of Campo Maior  in Portugal by Prince Regent John  on 17 December 1812. In March he was confirmed as second in command of the Allied Army and rejoined the campaigning army before assisting in the liberation of Spain by the British and Portuguese armies.

In the invasion of France, he assisted Wellington at the command of a corps and was hailed as the liberator of Bordeaux . He fought in France at Toulouse  the last clash of the Peninsular War. During that conflict he had been present at the battles of A Coruña , Busaco , Albuera , Badajoz , Salamanca , Vittoria , the Pyrenees , Nivelle , Nive , Orthez  and Toulouse . His Peninsular Gold Medal  had seven clasps - only the Duke of Wellington, with nine clasps, had more to their medal.[2]

Later career [ edit ]

After peace was declared he went to England on leave and came back again to Lisbon to reassume the command of the Portuguese Army. He did not limit himself, however, to that role, and intended to intervene in the general politics of the country, from this he came into conflict with the Regency. He then determined to go to the Court in Rio de Janeiro. He departed there in August 1815 and returned in September 1816, invested with wider powers than the ones which he had previously enjoyed. Beresford took a high hand in his dealings with Gomes Freire de Andrade  (1817) and, put into a difficult situation, he returned to Brazil , obtaining from John VI the confirmation of the powers he had already attained, which he desired to see amplified.

When he returned to Portugal, the Liberal Revolution of 1820  intervened; the British officers, for the most part, had been discharged, and the government would not even consent that Beresford could disembark. He was made Governor of Jersey  in 1821 and held the position till 1854, the last titular Governor of Jersey ; since his death the Crown has been represented in Jersey  by the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey .

He was given the colonelcy of three regiments in succession. He was Colonel of the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot  from 1807 to 1819, the 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)  from 1819 to 1823 and the 16th (Bedfordshire) Regiment  from 1823 until his death. Briefly returning to Portugal in 1827 at the request of the Regent , Infanta Isabel Maria of Braganza , he gave up his ambitions because of the resistance he encountered among the new Portuguese elite and returned to Britain.

In the 1840s, Beresford expanded the Bedgebury Estate  near Goudhurst , Kent. He built the hamlet of Kilndown  to the north west of Bedgebury.

 

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