1886 Mitchell Map Africa:Colonies from Freed Slaves to Europe's Congo Free State

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Seller: studioc ✉️ (1,526) 100%, Location: Bar Harbor, Maine, US, Ships to: US & many other countries, Item: 355397412169 1886 Mitchell Map Africa:Colonies from Freed Slaves to Europe's Congo Free State. Original Antique Mitchell Maps XL-XLII  Africa  showing Liberian Colonization of Freed American People of Color to the start of Europe's scramble to Colonize most of Africa starting with the Congo Free State Liberia Insert Map XLII showing both colonial and native towns History of Liberian Colonization of Freed American People of Color Maryland Colony (The Republic of Maryland) The Republic of Maryland was a small country that existed from 1834 to 1857, when it was merged into what is now Liberia. The area was first settled in 1834 by freed African-American slaves and freeborn African Americans primarily from the U.S. state of Maryland, under the under the auspices of the Maryland State Colonization Society. Cape Palmas, town and Atlantic Ocean port, southeastern Liberia, West Africa. It is situated on Cape Palmas. The cape was settled (1833) by a group of North American freed slaves sponsored by the Maryland Colonization Society. In 1857 troubles with the local Grebo people led the colony to request annexation with Liberia. New Georgia by Africans who had been taken from slave ships seized or wrecked near the United States and then sent to Liberia after several years. They had been held in Georgia for seven years waiting for the courts to settle their fate. The settlement was named New Georgia after their home of the prior seven years. Pennsylvania Colony (Buchanan) In December 1832, the Port Cresson colony was founded in what is now Buchanan, by black Quakers of the New York and Pennsylvania Colonization Societies. It was established as a settlement for black emigrants from the United States. The emigrants named the settlement in honor of Elliott Cresson, a Philadelphia merchant and Pennsylvania Colonization Society founder who funded their voyage to Liberia. Subsequent communities on these sites were called Lower Buchanan and Upper Buchanan for Thomas Buchanan (a relative of James Buchanan who later became the 15th president of the United States), who was the first U.S. governor of Liberia before its independence was proclaimed.  Emigrants arrived in Monrovia aboard the Brig Strong on August 8, 1822. Monrovia is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe, a prominent supporter of the colonization of Liberia and the American Colonization Society. Caldwell is listed as one of the original settlements comprising the Commonwealth of Liberia in the 1839 Constitution, which was drafted by the American Colonization Society Ohio in Africa    The African people known as the "Veys" inhabited  Guinea which is in close proximity to the Liberian coast. It is interesting that E.J. Roye, 5th President of Liberian, was from Ohio. Today there are several active Liberian communities in Cincinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland. It is also interesting the Liberian town "Sugree" is similar to a town in Ohio named "Sugarcreek"  **** The European Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa was the invasion, annexation, division, and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers during an era known as "New Imperialism" (between 1833 and 1914). The 10 per cent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 per cent by 1914, with only Liberia and Ethiopia (Abyssinia) remaining independent. This all starts in 1884 The Berlin Conference of 1884 was convened regulated European colonization and trade in Africa. The conference, proposed by Portugal in pursuance of its special claim to control of the Congo estuary, was necessitated by the jealousy and suspicion with which the great European powers viewed one another’s attempts at colonial expansion in Africa. The general act of the Conference of Berlin declared the Congo River basin to be neutral (a fact that in no way deterred the Allies from extending the war into that area in World War I); guaranteed freedom for trade and shipping for all states in the basin; forbade slave trading; and rejected Portugal’s claims to the Congo River estuary—thereby making possible the founding of the independent Congo Free State, to which Great Britain, France, and Germany had already agreed in principle. The Congo Free State was a large state and absolute monarchy in Central Africa from 1885 to 1908. It was privately owned by King Leopold II, King of Belgium. In legal terms, the two separate nations were in a personal union.  The Congo Free State was not a part of, nor did it belong to Belgium. Following reports of mistreatment of native peoples that provoked international outrage, the Congo Free State was annexed as a colony by Belgium on November 15, 1908, which ended its existence as an independent sovereign state. Map XL of Africa  shows:
  • The Congo Free State and the beginning  of French control in west Africa labeled on the maps as French Territory.
  •  Dr. Livingstone's 1868-69 route in the Congo. He was the  first European to reach Lake Mweru (November 8, 1867) and Lake Bangweulu (July 18, 1868). Assisted by Arab traders, he reached Lake Tanganyika in February 1869.  (David Livingstone (born March 19, 1813, Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland—died May 1, 1873, Chitambo [now in Zambia]) Scottish missionary and explorer who exercised a formative influence on Western attitudes toward Africa.)
  • The Barbary States
Insert Map XLI Egypt shows the Nile River and the Pyramids   The map was taken care fully from Mitchell's Modern Atlas Publisher E. B. Butler & Company Philadelphia 1888   (Atlas cover and title page are not part of the sale but for documentation only.) Map XLIII Oceanica & XLIV New Zealand on reverse
  • Date Range: 1800-1899
  • Printing Technique: Copper Plate
  • Year: 1888
  • Size: 9.4" x 11.9"
  • Cartographer/Publisher: Samuel Augustus Mitchell
  • Original/Reproduction: Antique Original
  • Country/Region: Egypt, Liberia, Congo Free State, Barbary States

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