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HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR
Based on
Official Documents
By Direction of The Historical Section of The Committee of Imperial Defence
Military Operations
Gallipoli
Volume
II (Text only)
May 1915 to the Evacuation
Compiled by
Br.-General C. F. Aspinall-Oglander
C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., p.s.c.
(Maps and sketches compiled by Major A. F. Becke)
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This is
the 1932 Heinemann First Edition
(ex-RUSI Library and in worn condition
with a badly damaged spine, but useful for the text)
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Front cover and spine
Further images of this book are
shown below
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Publisher and place of
publication
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Dimensions in inches (to
the nearest quarter-inch)
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London: William Heinemann Ltd
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5½ inches wide x 8¾ inches tall
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Edition
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1932 First Edition
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[xv] + 517 pages
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Condition of covers
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Internal condition
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This volume is ex-Royal United Services
Institution Library. Original red cloth blocked in gilt on the spine. The covers
are worn and the spine is badly damaged. The front cover is heavily scuffed and rubbed, with
patchy discolouration, including fading to the cloth (particularly
around the edges), some old stains, and noticeable variation in colour.
There is a discoloured patch from the removal of a
paper label, near the tail of the spine. The rear cover
again has extensive discolouration, fading around around the edges, and some
prominent old stains. There is also a discoloured patch near the tail of the spine. The spine is
very badly
damaged and severely faded with total loss of original colour. Both spine gutters are split
for their entire length but have been partially re-glued, though splits
still remain. There is a prominent vertical crease down the spine, numerous
horizontal creases, some lifting of the cloth in places and a tear in the
cloth in the centre, with some loss of cloth. There is a discoloured patch
from the removal of a paper label, near the tail of the spine. The cloth at the head and
tail is very frayed, with multiple splits in the cloth and some loss. The corners are very
heavily bumped, and also frayed, with the card exposed. There are a number
of
indentations along the edges of the boards, including a prominent bruise on
the front bottom edge, and a forward spine lean. The images below give a good
indication of the current poor state of the covers.
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This volume is ex-Royal United Services
Institution Library. There are remnants of a lending
schedule along the outer margin of the front end-paper map, some pencilled
markings, and an abraded patch in the bottom margin from the removal of a
label (please see the final image below). There is a stamped
number on the Title-Page but no other Library markings I can see though
there are a number of pencilled markings in the margins, some of which are
shown below. The
paper has tanned with age, though the text is generally reasonably clean. The front inner hinge is cracked at the Title-Page but has been
strengthened with tape. There is some separation between the inner gatherings. The edge of the text block is grubby, dust-stained and lightly
foxed. The corners are bruised and pushed inwards due to the heavy external bumping.
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Dust-jacket present?
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Other
comments
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No
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This
ex-RUSI Library 1932 First Edition is generally reasonably clean internally (on
tanned paper), but is in worn, faded and discoloured
covers with severe damage to the spine and is being offered as a reading or
reference copy only. Please note that this is the text-only Volume
and does not include the separate map-case; however, many sketch maps are
included within the text itself.
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Illustrations,
maps, etc
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Contents
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Please see below for details, but
note that this is the text-only Volume and does not include the separate
map-case; however, all the many sketch maps listed below are included within the text itself.
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Please see below for details
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Post & shipping
information
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Payment options
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The packed weight is approximately
1100 grams.
Full shipping/postage information is
provided in a panel
at the end of this listing.
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Payment options
:
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UK buyers: cheque (in
GBP), debit card, credit card (Visa, MasterCard but
not Amex), PayPal
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International buyers: credit card
(Visa, MasterCard but not Amex), PayPal
Full payment information is provided in a
panel at the end of this listing.
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Military Operations :
Gallipoli
Volume II (Text only) : May
1915 to the Evacuation
Contents
Part I
The Struggle for Achi
Baba
I. The General Situation in May 1915 II. May at Anzac
The Action of the 19th May
The Anzac Armistice
Future Plans III. May at Helles
The German Submarines IV. The Third Battle of Krithia V. The
Government's Decision VI. The Gallipoli Problem in June Events at Helles 6th-20th June VII. Kereves Dere and Gully Ravine :
The French Attack on the 21st June
The Action of Gully Ravine, 28th June VIII. Achi Baba Nullah : The Action of the 12th-13th July:
The Plan
The Battle IX. June and July at Anzac
Part II
The August Offensive
X. The Plan of Operations XI. The IX Corps and the Suvla Plan XII. Defensive Measures by the Turks XIII. The Action of the 6th/7th August at Helles XIV. The Action of Lone Pine XV. The Night Advance from Anzac
The Right Covering Force
The Left Covering Force
The Right Assaulting Column
The Left Assaulting Column
The Dawn Attack on the Nek
Retrospect
Turkish Movements on the 6th/7th August XVI. The Fight for Sari Bair :
Johnston's Brigade on the 7th August
Cox's Column on the 7th August
General Godley's Plans for the 8th August
Cox's Force on the 8th August
The Capture of Chunuk Bair, 8th August
The Turkish Side on the 7th and 8th August
General Godley's Plan for the 9th August
The Capture and Loss of Hill Q
The Failure of the Anzac Plan XVII. Detailed Plans for the Suvla Landing XVIII. The Landing at Suvla XIX. Hill 10 and Chocolate Hill XX. A Wasted Day at Suvla XXI. The IX Corps Forestalled
Advance of the 32nd Brigade
Advance of the 33rd Brigade
The Fighting on the Kiretch Tepe Ridge
Attack of the 53rd Division, 10th August XXII. The Turkish Counter-attack at Chunuk Bair
The Shipment of the Wounded from Anzac and Suvla XXIII. The Change of Command at Suvla
Action of Kiretch Tepe Ridge
The Supersession of General Stopford
Turkish Comment on the Anzac-Suvla Offensive
Part III
The Last Phase
XXIV. General de Lisle at Suvla XXV. Scimitar Hill and Hill 60
The Fight for Hill 60 XXVI. The Darkening Scene XXVII. The Recall of Sir Ian Hamilton
Autumn Events in Gallipoli XXVIII. The Arrival of Sir Charles Monro XXIX. Lord Kitchener's Intervention XXX. The Final Decision XXXI. The Evacuation of Suvla and Anzac XXXII. The Evacuation of Helles
Epilogue Order of Battle, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force August 1915 Principal Books Consulted General Index Index to Arms, Formations and Units
Illustrations
Vice-Admiral John de Robeck and General Sir Ian Hamilton ......
Frontispiece The Northern Flank at Anzac Landing a 60-pdr. gun at W Beach The Narrows from Chunuk Bair X Beach, showing coast road to Gully Ravine Counter-Battery Work at Helles Achi Baba from the British hospital at Helles Marshal Liman von Sanders Major Willmer Where the 34th Brigade landed Chocolate Hill, the Salt Lake and Lala Baba from Scimitar Hill Turkish fountain on the Kiretch Tepe ridge Mustafa Kemal in Gallipoli 1915 Jephson's Post, looking towards Ejelmer Bay The Salt Lake from the mouth of Kaiajik Dere Turkish Prisoners descending Gully Ravine under escort Watson's Pier, Anzac Cove, in rough weather Lord Kitchener at Anzac with General Birdwood W Beach in January 1916
Sketches
A. Suvla 1. Anzac : Opposing Lines towards to the end of May 2. Section of Gallipoli Peninsula on line attacked 4th June 3. Third Battle of Kritihia : Opposing Lines, 4th June 4. Third Battle of Kritihia : Situation, 8 a.m., 4th June 5. Third Battle of Kritihia : Result 6. Battle of 21st June : French Objectives 7. Gully Ravine : Opposing Lines, 28th June 8. Gully Ravine : Result of Battle 9. Battle of 12th/13th July 10. Helles: Opposing Lines, mid-July 11. Objectives for the August Offensive 12. Turkish Dispositions, 6th August 13. Rattle of 6th/7th August at Helles 14. Lone Pine, 6th August 15. Lone Pine after Consolidation 16. Battle of Sari Bair : Opposing Lines, 6th August, and British
Objectives 17. Battle of Sari Bair : Situation, Evening 7th August 18. Battle of Sari Bair : Objectives, 8th August 19. Battle of Sari Bair : Situation, Evening 8th August. 20. Battle of Sari Bair : Situation 5 a.m. 9th August 21. Suvla : Turkish Defences reported to Gen. Stopford, 6th August 22. Suvla : Turkish Dispositions, 6th August 23. Suvla : Situation 8 a.m. 7th August 24. Suvla : Situation 1 a.m. 8th August 25. Suvla : Situation 7 p.m. 8th August 26. Suvla : Situation 7 p.m. 9th August 27. Battle of Sari Bair : Situation, Dawn 10th August 28. Battle of Sari Bair : Opposing Front Lines after Battle 29. Scimitar Hill, 21st August 30. Hill 60, 21st August 31. Evacuation of Anzac, i9th/20th Dec. 32. Evacuation of Suvla, i9th/20th Dec. 33. Evacuation of Helles, 8th/9th Jan. 1916 33A. Evacuation of Helles : 52nd Division Arrangements, 8th Jan.
1916
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Military Operations :
Gallipoli
Volume II (Text only) : May
1915 to the Evacuation
Preface
The first volume of this history dealt
with the political events which led to the initiation of the
Dardanelles campaign, the naval attacks in February and March, the
landings of the Expeditionary Force in April and the fighting at
Helles and Anzac during the first fortnight ashore. The present
volume completes the story of the campaign, up to and including the
final evacuation.
In the compilation of this volume I have again had the invaluable
assistance of Captain W. Miles, who has examined and tabulated with
painstaking care the information available in the official
war-diaries and the numberless messages and orders preserved in the
Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Captain
Miles has also prepared this volume for the press. From all other
members of the Historical Section I have received unstinted help and
particularly from Mr. E. A. Dixon and Mr. F. C. Ballentyne. My
thanks are also due to Mr. Walter B. Wood for his scholarly advice
when reading the chapters in typescript.
Major A. F. Becke has been indefatigable in the preparation of the
maps and sketches which adorn the pages of the history. He has shown
that a military sketch, displaying the movements of troops, can also
be a work of art, and his maps and sketches of the Anzac area depict
more clearly than the written word the extraordinary difficulties of
the country that faced the Anzac corps. These maps and sketches have
been drawn for reproduction by Mr. H. Burge. To Br.-General A. T.
Beckwith, Captain T. Verschoyle and Mr. A. Riley I am indebted for
many of the photographs which illustrate the text.
In a letter to the press I asked for the loan of private
correspondence and diaries relating to the Suvla landing. Many of
the documents received in answer to this appeal were of great value
and I take this opportunity of thanking all who so kindly placed
their papers at my disposal.
With the help of the British military attaché in Berlin I was
fortunate enough to get into touch with Colonel Willmer, late of the
Bavarian Army, who commanded the Turkish troops at Suvla, and to
study the orders and messages received and issued by that officer at
the time of the British landing at Suvla Bay. The friendly
hospitality shown me by Colonel Willmer in his quiet home beside a
Bavarian lake, where, over the maps on his library table, he
modestly explained his own achievement during the fateful hours of
the 6th-8th August 1915, will long be gratefully remembered. My
thanks are also due to the German Reichsarchiv at Potsdam, and
especially to Dr. A. Muhlmann, who served on the staff of Marshal
Liman von Sanders in Gallipoli, for copies of many messages and
reports written by our opponents in the course of the operations.
Every effort has been made to ensure the complete accuracy of this
history, but if any errors are noticed, it is asked that they may be
brought to the attention of the Secretary, Historical Section,
Committee of Imperial Defence, 2 Whitehall Gardens, S.W.1, with a
view to their correction in a subsequent edition.
C. F. A.-O.
1st October 1931.
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Military Operations :
Gallipoli
Volume II (Text only) : May
1915 to the Evacuation
Excerpt:
CHAPTER II
May at Anzac (Sketch 1)
The object of the Australian and New Zealand landing at Anzac had
been to assist the main attack at Helles by a threat against the
enemy communications. Owing to being carried a mile out of their
course by an unexpectedly strong current, md to the excessively
difficult country in which they eventually found themselves, the
Australians were unable to gain their objective; and the end of the
first week found the whole corps hemmed in by the Turks within 1,000
yards of the shore. Nevertheless, clinging with fine determination
to the perilous foothold they had won, and keeping the enemy in
constant expectation of attack, the Australian and New Zealand
troops continued to render valuable assistance to their British
comrades in the south throughout the critical month of May, and to
fulfil the duty of a detachment by keeping from the main theatre a
hostile force considerably larger than its own.
Threatening the very heart of the Narrows defences, and forming a
screen behind which further troops could land in comparative
security, the Anzac corps would already seem to have been regarded
by the Turkish High Command as a greater menace than the British and
French divisions at Helles. The Anzac front line was in places less
than five miles from the Turkish supply depot at Kilia Bay, and only
a few hundred yards from positions on the main ridge whence the
Narrows could be kept under observation and daylight traffic
interrupted.
Sir Ian Hamilton, as we have seen in the last chapter, was already
considering the advantage of striking his main blow from Anzac Cove.
But it was still too early to come to a definite decision; and for
the moment—and in any case till Achi Baba had fallen—he determined
that General Birdwood's corps must continue to act as a detaining
force in the north.
Throughout the month of May, therefore, the action of the
Australians and New Zealanders was guided by the instructions issued
by G.H.Q. to General Birdwood on the 1st May:
Until you receive further instructions, no general advance is to be
initiated by you. . . . But this is not to preclude any forward
movements which may be usefully undertaken with a view to occupying
such points as may facilitate your advance hereafter, and meanwhile
compel the enemy to maintain a large force on your front. By this
means you will relieve pressure on the troops in the southern
portion of the peninsula, which is your present role.
The minute fraction of the Gallipoli peninsula occupied by the Anzac
corps at this period was roughly triangular in shape, with the base
of the triangle extending for about miles along the coast, and its
apex at Quinn's Post, a thousand yards from the sea. Of the two
sides of the triangle facing the enemy, the southern and longer one
stretched from the foot of Bolton's Ridge to Quinn's Post, a
distance of some 2,500 yards. From Quinn's the northern and shorter
side—1,200 yards long— turned west, and, after leap-frogging across
the head of Monash Gully via Pope's Hill, ran down Walker's Ridge to
the sea. The total area of the triangle was rather less than 400
acres, and but for its steep hillsides and tortuous ravines every
inch of it would have been within rifle-shot of the enemy's
trenches.
The main Turkish positions in the Anzac zone at the beginning of May
were on Gun and Mortar Ridges and on the high ground overlooking the
upper end of Monash Gully. But the enemy had established a number of
strong advanced posts close to the Anzac trenches, and these were
soon developed into a formidable front line.
After the despatch of the 2nd Australian Brigade and the New Zealand
Brigade to Helles for the Second Battle of Krithia the garrison of
Anzac for a time consisted of only 10,000 rifles, made up of three
attenuated brigades of Australian infantry and four battalions of
the Royal Naval Division. These troops had not only to fight and
dig; they had also to build roads and cut paths; and there were
heavy and incessant fatigues for disembarking stores and carrying
food and water up to the line. There was little rest for anyone; and
with the enemy showing a constant activity, and the position at the
head of Monash Gully still perilously insecure, the tension of the
first few weeks at Anzac has been described by the Australians as
greater than anything they subsequently experienced in other
theatres of war.
The front line at Anzac was at this time divided into four sections,
numbered 1 to 4 from the right. Of these, the two southern sections
were held by the 1st and 3rd Brigades of the 1st Australian Division
under Major-General W. T. Bridges, and the two northern by the 4th
Australian Brigade of the New Zealand and Australian Division under
Major-General Sir A. J. Godley, reinforced by the four battalions of
the Royal Naval Division.
On the extreme right of No. 1 Section the defences consisted of a
wire entanglement running up from the beach, guarded by a few sentry
posts on the slope above it. Thence the line continued along the
summit of Bolton's Ridge to the southern end of 400 Plateau.
No. 2 Section extended due north along the western edge of 400
Plateau and thence to Steele's Post, which marked the northern limit
of the ist Australian Division. As early as the first week in May
the front-line trenches on Bolton's Ridge and 400 Plateau were deep
and continuous, for in both these sections the troops had been
fairly free from attack. Further north, however, owing to the
proximity of the Turkish posts and to
the fact that parts of the line were overlooked by high ground at
the head of Monash Gully, the lateral extension of the trenches at
Steele's could be effected only by sapping and tunnelling, and it
was nearly the middle of May before through communication between
400 Plateau and the right of No. 3 Section was satisfactorily
completed.
No. 3 Section, which began at Courtney's, included the apex of the
Anzac triangle, and was at once the most exposed section in the area
and the most troublesome to organize for defence. It consisted of
three isolated posts, Courtney's, Quinn's, and Pope's. Of these, the
two first-named, like Steele's, were situated at the head of narrow
indentations in the steep slopes of the ridge. The third was on the
edge of the spur which separates the eastern and western forks of
Monash Gully.
Between Quinn's and Pope's was a gap of 150 yards, and from Pope's
to the right of No. 4 Section on Russell's Top mother gap of 250
yards. Not until the middle of May, when the construction of a
communication trench down the steep side of Russell's Top was
undertaken, did daylight communication between Nos. 3 and 4 Sections
become possible. Behind No. 3 Section, in case the garrisons of
Quinn's and Pope's should be driven from their positions, a second
line was eventually dug across Monash Gully from Courtney's to
Russell's Top.
No. 4 Section stretched across Russell's Top, where it was
confronted by strong Turkish trenches south of the Nek and on the
summit of Baby 700 beyond. It then ran down Walker's Ridge to the
beach, with two small posts, known as Nos. 1 and 2 Outposts, thrown
forward to the foothills on either side of the mouth of Sazli Beit
Dere. Until the completion of a deep trench along the foreshore,
communication with these outposts could only be effected by night.
The presence of warships off the coast was a great help to the Anzac
corps, for neither from the north nor south could the Turks show
themselves in any numbers without drawing the navy's fire. Probably
for this reason, the two flank sections continued to be less closely
hemmed in by the enemy than those in the centre. In the early days
the Australians on the right were able to carry out a nightly
reconnaissance for some distance in the direction of Gaba Tepe. The
New Zealanders on the left had a similar freedom of movement, and
information collected by their patrols eventually led to highly
important developments.
The question of adequate artillery support for the troops in the two
central sections remained throughout these weeks an almost insoluble
problem. With the exception of two Indian mountain batteries, one
New Zealand battery of 4.5-inch howitzers, and two old 6-inch
howitzers landed by the navy on the 15th May, the artillery at
General Birdwood's disposal consisted only of 18-pdr. guns, which
were quite unsuited to the ground. It was almost impossible to find
positions from which they could engage the enemy trenches, or even
the Turkish guns in rear, without themselves being exposed to
enfilade fire at ranges of only a few hundred yards. In a few places
18-pdr. guns posted on the extreme right could fire on targets on
the extreme left, and vice versa. But by the middle of May it had
only been possible to find positions for about twenty all told, and
many were such as no artillery officer can ever before have dreamed
of occupying with 18-pdr. guns.
The Turkish artillerymen were faced with no such problem. With
excellent concealed positions in rear of Gun Ridge, and direct
ground observation from both flanks, it was only the lack of
material which prevented the Turks from obliterating the Anzac line.
The Australians and New Zealanders had already inflicted such heavy
casualties on the Turks that Liman von Sanders himself, "after the
bloody encounters of the first two weeks", instructed Essad Pasha,
commander of the northern zone, to refrain for the present from
attempting anything big. He ordered him, however, to ensure the
retention at all costs of the commanding positions which his troops
already held, and to protect his front line from naval bombardment
by pushing his trenches as close as possible to those of the
invader. This order led to almost continuous fighting throughout the
second and third weeks of May, particularly in the neighbourhood of
Quinn's, Courtney's, and Steele's Posts, where the Anzac Garrisons
were struggling to keep and if possible to extend their precarious
foothold on the extreme western edge of the crest.
The situation of the two posts at Courtney's and Quinn's was almost
fantastic, and the determination of the troops who clung to those
perilous yet vitally important positions during the first month of
the campaign has won a legendary fame . . .
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Please note: to avoid opening the book out, with the
risk of damaging the spine, some of the pages were slightly raised on the
inner edge when being scanned, which has resulted in some blurring to the
text and a
shadow on the inside edge of the final images. Colour reproduction is shown
as accurately as possible but please be aware that some colours
are difficult to scan and may result in a slight variation from
the colour shown below to the actual colour.
In line with eBay guidelines on picture sizes, some of the illustrations may
be shown enlarged for greater detail and clarity.
This volume
is ex-Royal United Services Institution Library. There are remnants of a lending
schedule along the outer margin of the front end-paper map, some pencilled
markings, and an abraded patch in the bottom margin from the
removal of a label.
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U.K. buyers:
To estimate the
“packed
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an additional amount of 150 grams is added to allow for the packaging
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The weight of the book and packaging is then rounded up to the
nearest hundred grams to arrive at the postage figure. I make no charge for packaging materials and
do not seek to profit
from postage and packaging. Postage can be combined for multiple purchases.
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Packed weight of this item : approximately 1100 grams
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weight” each book is first weighed and then
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Packed weight of this item : approximately 1100 grams
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(please note that the
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