Coinage of the American Confederation Period COAC Phillip L. Mossman Book NEW

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Coinage of the American Confederation Period edited by Phillip L. Mossman

A collection of papers from the Coinage of the Americas Conference at the American Numismatic Society, New York, held in 1995. Contents: The American Confederation: The Times and its Money, The English George III Contemporary Counterfeit Halfpenny: A Statistical Study of Production and Distribution, The Shipwreck of the Faithful Steward: A "Missing Link" in the Export of British and Irish Halfpence, New Thoughts on the Nova Constellatio Private Copper Coinage, Vermont Coppers: Coinage of an Independent Republic, The So-Called Atlee Broken "A" Letter Punch, Coinage During the Confederation: Two Near Misses for Matthew Boulton, Coinage Featuring George Washington, and Medals of the Comitia Americana Series in the Collections of the American Numismatic Society and the Other Public Institutions. 346p, many b/w plates, illustrated throughout (The American Numismatic Society, 1996) ISBN 0897222636. Hardcover, cloth.

Coinage of the American Confederation Period October 28, 1995

Coinage of the Americas Conference, Proceedings No. 11 (New York, The American Numismatic Society 1996) illus. ISBN 0-89722-263-6.

Preface Money of the American Confederation Period was the subject of the eleventh Coinage of the Americas Conference, sponsored annually by the American Numismatic Society. Since its inception, this program has enjoyed the enthusiastic support of the Society's governing Council as a forum for the dissemination of emerging research in the coinage and currency of North and South America. The purpose of these conferences is to facilitate the exchange of information. Toward this end, experts in the field are invited to present papers, collectors are invited to exhibit, and notice of the conference is circulated widely to encourage attendance by all who have an interest in the topic. The Society also mounts an exhibition from its holdings and invites registrants travelling to the New York area to come to know the Society's collections and library better during the days surrounding the conference. A number of special exhibits were mounted on the theme of COAC 1995 and remained on view at the Society for several months. Two exhibits featured material from the Society's collection: a survey of U.S. made counterfeit halfpence and a special display of medals of the Confederation period. Individual exhibitors included Daniel Freidus (Vermonts) and Mike Ringo (counterfeits of the period); on display also were important items from the Donald Groves Collection.

Content

PHILIP L. MOSSMAN (Hamden, ME) Introduction

PHILIP L. MOSSMAN The American Confederation: The Times and Its Money In was an unsettled decade following the Revolutionary War for this young country as it attempted to establish its own national identity. Due to a devastating postwar depression, European gold and silver, which had been in circulation since the earliest colonial times, was in short supply. On the contrary, the small change copper medium was enormous, its numbers having been swollen for years by the importation of lightweight counterfeit English halfpence. These counterfeits were so deficient in weight, that several states attempted to remove them from circulation by minting their own fair weight, high quality coppers. This noble scheme proved ineffective and eventually served to introduce more lightweight coppers into commerce which was already overwhelmed by inferior coins. Due to this oversupply of coppers, their circulation virtually ceased during the Coppers Panic of 1789. About 700 varieties of coppers, issued during the years 1785 to 1788, enrich this fascinating and active period of American numismatics.

CHARLES W. SMITH (University of Maine, Orono) The English George III Contemporary Counterfeit Halfpenny: A Statistical Study of Production and Distribution This paper addresses three issues fundamental to the English George III contemporary counterfeit halfpenny series: distribution by date, production technologies and 18th century metallurgical practices. The date distribution for the series for the years 1770-1775 is established by analysis of three major collections (over 2000 examples combined) assembled from English numismatic sources and three additional historic coin groups (the Yale Collection, an early 20th century survey and a recent London hoard find). Comparison is made with the date distribution of regal production from Royal Mint records and with a collection, assembled in the United States from sources not directly traceable to English sources. Production technologies are examined using correlation plots of size versus weight and noncircularity versus weight and an in-depth survey of error examples. Comparisons are made to contemporary Royal Mint production technologies. Coin composition and the melting hypothesis are discussed using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. Debasement issues are considered including alloying limitations and contemporary scrap metal prices, in the context of 18th century metallurgical practices.

JOHN M. KLEEBERG (American Numismatic Society) The Shipwreck of the Faithful Steward: A "Missing Link" in the Export of British and Irish Halfpence A large proportion of the counterfeit halfpence in circulation in the United States during the Confederation period was imported. The coins from a shipwreck, the Faithful Steward, have washed up on to "Coin Beach" in Rehoboth, Delaware, since the inlet was dredged in 1930. The halfpence are George III British counterfeit halfpence dated 1775. The Faithful Steward was carrying 249 emigrants from Londonderry, Ireland, when it was wrecked off Rehoboth. The author discusses the breakdown of the British/Irish exchange differential for halfpence, and the possibility that counterfeit halfpence were made in Ireland.

ERIC P. NEWMAN (St. Louis, MO) New Thoughts on the Nova Constellatio Private Copper Coinage New evidence is presented showing that many tons of the private Nova Constellatio copper coinage was first minted about mid-1785 in Birmingham, England; was shipped to and circulated in America in late 1785; and that it was properly called Nova Constellatio rather than Constellatio Nova. The apparent importer was Constable, Rucker & Co., a partnership consisting of William Constable, Robert Morris, Gouverneur Morris, and John Rucker rather than Gouverneur Morris as heretofore thought. A new genuine Immune Columbia die and a new genuine Nova Constellatio die were discussed.

PETE SMITH (Minneapolis, MN) Vermont Coppers: Coinage of an Independent Republic Vermont was an independent republic from 1777 to 1791 and it was under the authority of the Vermont General Assembly that copper coins were struck during 1785-88. A brief history of the republic is given to place the coinage in a proper historical context. The legends and images appearing on the coins are discussed as they relate to the republic. The author contends that the coinage of Vermont deserves a separate classification and should not be referred to as colonial or state coinage as described by previous authors.

JOHN LORENZO (Midland Park, NJ) The So-Called Atlee Broken "A" Letter Punch In 1878 Sylvester Crosby called attention to a series of letters on New Jersey, Connecticut, and Vermont state coppers which appeared to have been sunk using the same defective letter punches. These irregularities were identified on certain "As," "Ps," and "Ns" with the natural inference that all the dies, where these telltale letters were present, were probably sunk by the same person. He concluded that James F. Atlee was the most likely artist responsible for these issues. Many persons since Crosby have enlarged on his original premise but this present paper reviews the evidence and refutes that position. The current concept advanced by Peter Gaspar states that die sinkers of the period had the availability of identical punches raised from a common matrix and did not necessarily make their own individual tools. Therefore, many die makers could have had access to the same style of defective punch obtained from a common source. Consequently any punch, defective or whole, cannot be used as a marker to identify any particular mint or craftsman. The writer also shows that the broken "A" letter punch employed in many New Jersey coppers further deteriorated with continued use over time as determined by die emission sequence. Of great significance is that the broken "A" seen on certain Connecticut coppers is of a different style than that found on New Jersey coppers and in any case the two broken "A" punches are not the products of the same defective matrix. There is a systematic description of all state coppers which contain broken letters. It is concluded that punch linking of any sort is only of secondary value in attributing coppers to a specific mint or craftsman and other factors are of more importance in making that determination.

RICHARD G. DOTY (Smithsonian Institution) Coinage During the Confederation: Two Near Misses for Matthew Boulton The author examines the careers of two South Carolinians, Charles Borel and John H. Mitchell, and their attempts to secure coining contracts with the State of South Carolina and the national government. Each entrepreneur attempted to enlist the services of Matthew Boulton of England as coiner; each failed, through a combination of poor timing and a growing belief in the necessity of an American mint for American coinage.

GEORGE FULD (Owens Mills, MD) Coinage Featuring George Washington Coinage featuring George Washington may be divided into two major groups. Contemporary coinage manufactured on the date indicated range from 1792 to 1796. Non-contemporary coinage with fictitious dates from 1783 to 1793 comprise over half the output. Surprisingly, there are about 157 distinct Washington coinage issues including edge and metal variations. A new numbering system is used to make easy reference to coins in the series. Tables are given to allow east identification of the numerous military bust types. Every type of issue is illustrated and detailed pedigrees on the rarer coins is given. Full background is given for each coin, if information is available. A complete bibliography is given including 11 major citations, 46 auction sales cited, and there are 74 footnotes and detailed references.

ALAN M. STAHL (American Numismatic Society) Medals of the Comitia Americana Series in the Collections of the American Numismatic Society and Other Public Institutions A catalogue of 113 specimens of the 14 medals authorized by the United States Congress between 1776 and 1787 to reward prominent figures in the Revolutionary War. Included are photographs of awarded originals in the collections of the Boston Public Library and the New-York Historical Society and of the 11 strikings in silver given to George Washington and now in the Massachusetts Historical Society. All examples in the collection of the American Numismatic Society -- originals, restrikes, and casts -- are described and many are illustrated. Please see images for actual grade and condition.  Thanks

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