The Natural History Of Animals (Hardcover 1903) J.R. Ainsworth Davis Half Vol IV. Binding and spine show signs of wear (see images); overall book holds together without major issues (no loose pages). Amazing black & white + colored plates.
CONTENTS
HALF-VOL. IV
THE FOOD OF ANIMALS (Continued)
CHAPTER XXIII. THE FOOD OF ANIMALS-OMNIVOROUS ANNELIDS, SIPHON WORMS, LAMP-SHELLS, MOSS-PO LYPES, AND WHEEL-ANIMALCULES
BRISTLE-WORMS (Chartopoda)-Lob-Worm, Tube Worms (Serpula, Pomatoceros, Spirorbis), Earth-Worms -
SIPHON-WORMS (Gephyrea)-Common Siphon-Worm -
LAMP-SHELLS (Brachiopoda) -
Moss-POLYPES (Polyzoa)
WHEEL ANIMALCULES (Rotifera-Rose-coloured Rotifer, Crown Rotifer, Flower Rotifer
CHAPTER XXIV THE FOOD OF ANIMALS-OMNIVOROUS ECHINODERMS, SPONGES, AND ANIMALCULES-ANIMALS WHICH FEED LIKE GREEN PLANTS
HEDGEHOG-SKINNED ANIMALS OR ECHINODERMS (Echinodermata): Sea Urchins (Echinoidea); Sea Cucumbers or Holothurians (Holothuroidea); Crinoids (Crinoidea)-Feather Stars and Sea-Lilies
SPONGES (Porifera)
ANIMALCULES (Protozoa): Infusaria-Ciliata (Slipper Animalcule, Bell Animalcule); Flagellata (Euglena, Collar Animalcules, Manads); Rhiropoda-Proteus Ani malcule or Amoeba, Foraminifera, Fungus-Animals (Mycetoroa)
ANIMALS WHICH FEED LIKE GREEN PLANTS-Animals, Green Plants, and Colourless Plants (Fungi, &c.) compared as regards Food and Feeding: Leaf Green or Chlorophyll-Animals which contain Chlorophyll-Green Planarian Worm (Convoluta); Green Freshwater Polype, Coral-Polypes; Freshwater Sponge; Green Animalcules (Berry Animalcule, Volvox)
ANIMAL DEFENCES
CHAPTER XXV.- ANIMAL DEFENCES INTRODUCTORY - BODILY CHARACTERISTICS PRODUCING INCONSPICU. OUSNESS
INTRODUCTORY-Different Kinds of Defence against Predaceous Forms 1. PRE CAUTIONARY MEASURES (1) BODILY CHARACTERISTICS resulting in () Inconspicuoustiess, () Conspicuousness: (2) MODE OF LIFE-(a) Feeding at Favourable Times, and (6) Feeding in Favourable Places-II. RESISTANCE: (d) PASSIVE DEFENCE by:-(1) BODILY CHARACTERISTICS such as (a) Un palatableness and Indigestibility, () Armour: (a) SPECIAL HABITS, eg. Death. feigning (3) FECUNDITY:-(8) ACTIVE DEFENCE by means of (1) Ordinary AGGRESSIVE WEAPONS, (2) Actively DEFENSIVE WEAPONS, (3) CO-OPERA TION III. RETREAT
INCONSPICUOUSNESS:-General Protective Resemblance; Transparency: Marine Surface Animals; Snow Animals-Snowy Owl: Desert Animals-Camels, Antelopes, Desert Foxes, Jerboas, Desert Larks, Desert Finches, Sand-Grouse, Sand-Lizard, Thorn-tailed Lizards, Desert Monitor, Common Skink, Adder, Horned Viper, Desert Insects; Reversed Shading; Flat Fishes
Specialized General Resemblance-Corals and Sea-Snails, Corals and Brittle-Stars, Sponges and Sea-Slugs 285
Protective General Resemblance in Eggs and Young-Plovers, Moths, Beetles
Masking-Land-Snails, Sea-Snails, Crabs, Sea-Urchins, Sea-Anemones
Variable General Resemblance: Colour-Change in Snow-Animals-Variable Hare, American Hare, Stoat, Weasel, Ptarmigan; Colour Change in Chameleons; Colour-Change in Amphibians-Common Frog; Colour Change in Fishes Plaice, Trout, Lumpsucker; Colour-change in Molluscs-Sea-Slugs; Colour Change in Crustaceans Esop Prawn: Colour-Change in Insects-Peppered Moth, Small Tortoise-shell Butterfly
Constant Special Protective Resemblance Sloths, Pangolins; Coot, Moorhen, Grebes, Young Plovers: Australian Sea Horses; Sea-Slugs; Stick-Caterpillars, Leaf-Butterflies, Buff-tip Moth, Stick- and Leaf-Insects; Spiders
Variable Special Protective Resemblance-Leaf Butterflies, Caterpillars of Early Thorn Moth
CHAPTER XXVI-ANIMAL DEFENCES-BODILY CHARAC TERISTICS PRODUCING CONSPICUOUSNESS
CONSPICUOUSNESS-Genuine Warning and Spurious Warning (Mimicry)
Genuine Warning-Skunk; Coral Snakes, Cobras, Puff-Adders, Rattlesnakes; Spotted Salamander, Nicaraguan Frog, Siamese Toad, Horned Toad; Weever Fish, Globe-Fishes; Ascidians, Acorn-headed Worms; Sea-Slugs; Wasps, Hornets, Bees, Black-veined Brown, Magpie Moth, Conspicuous Caterpillars, Lady-bird: Spiders; Bristle-Worms; Planarian Worms; Sea-Anemones, Corals, Jelly-Fishes
Spurious Warning (Mimicry)-Cuckoos, Orioles; American Snakes; Mimicking Butterflies, White Ermine Moth, Clear-wing Moths, Caterpillars of Lobster Moth, Puss-Moth, and Hawk-Moths, Drone-Fly, Mimicking Beetles, Mimicking Grasshoppers and Crickets, Praying Mantis, Mimicking Plant-Bugs; Mimick ing Spiders.
CHAPTER XXVII-ANIMAL DEFENCES-SPECIAL PRECAUTIONARY HABITS
FEEDING AT FAVOURABLE TIMES: Nocturnal Animals-Night-Monkeys, Lemurs, Bats, Elephant, Hoofed Mammals, Gnawing Mammals, Edentates, Marsupials, Monotremes: Owl-Parrot, Kiwi; Geckos; Amphibians; Fishes: Cockroaches, Crickets, Moths, Fire-Flies; Marine Invertebrates
Diurnal Animals-Herbivorous Mammals, Species exhibiting Warning Colours and Protective Resemblance -
FEEDING IN SUITABLE PLACES: Species exhibiting Protective Resemblance, Wide Outlook, Proximity to Retreats
Arboreal Animals-Evolution of Climbing Forms
Parachute Animals and Flying Animals-Their Evolution
CHAPTER XXVIIL-ANIMAL DEFENCES-PASSIVE DEFENCE
UNPALATABLENESS AND INDIGESTIBILITY-Associated with Warning Coloration
ARMOURED ANIMALS-Armadilloes, Pangolins, Porcupines, Hedgehogs, Spiny Ant-Eaters; Feathers and Leg-Scales of Birds: Armoured Reptiles; Extinct Armoured Amphibians, Ribs of Spanish Newt: Armoured Fishes; Shells of Mollases; Beetles, Weevils, Caddis-Worms; Crabs, Rock-Lobster; Sea-Mouse, Porcupine Worm, Tube-dwelling Annelids; Skeletons of Moss-Polypes and Lamp-Shells Plates and Spines of Sea-Urchins, Star-Fishes, &c.; Armoured Zoophytes-Hydroids, Organ-Pipe Coral, Sea-Anemones: Sponge Spicules; Armoured Animalcules-Foraminifera, Radiolaria, &c.
ROLLING-UP HABIT-Armadillocs, Pangolins, Porcupines, Hedgehogs: Mail-Shells; Trilobites, Wood-Lice
DEATH-PRIGNING HABIT-Dingo, Opossums, South American Fox; Tinamous, Rails; Lizards and Amphibians: Spiders; Beetles
FECUNDITY OF ILL-DEFENDED ANIMALS-Rabbit, Flesh-Fly; Bats as Check to increase of Oak Procession-Moth
CHAPTER XXIX-ANIMAL DEFENCES-ACTIVE DEFENCE
AGGRESSIVE WEAPONS IN DEFENCE.
ACTIVELY DEFENSIVE WEAPONS: Mammals-Teeth of Apes and Monkeys, Use of Missiles by Baboons, Tusks of Walrus, Elephants, Rhinoceros, Wild Horses, Teeth of Hippopotamus and Swine, Antlers and Horns of Ruminants, Claws of Kangaroo, Stink-Glands of Skunk; Birds and Reptiles-Legs of Ostrich and Emeu, Rooks, Poisonous Lizards; Poison-Spines of Fishes: Poisoned Bite of Cone-Shells, Stinging-Organs of Sea-Slugs, Shells of Tridacna; Stings and Defensive Glands of Insects: Stink-Glands of Millipedes; Slime-Glands of Peripatus; Bristles of Bristle-Worms; Skin-Defences of Planarian Worms; Poison-Spines of Sea-Urchins; Stinging Organs of Zoophytes; Irritant Rodlets of Higher Animalcules
CO-OPERATION AMONG SOCIAL ANIMALS-Wild Horses, &c.
CHAPTER XXX-ANIMAL DEFENCES-RETREAT
MAMSIAIS (Mammalia)-Monkeys and Baboons, Chamois, Antelopes, Rumination as facilitating Retreat, Importance of Dwellings and Refuges with reference to Retreat, Signalling Coloration
BIRDs (Aves)-African Ostrich, Rails, Extinction of Dodo, Flight as a means of Retreat, Woodpeckers, Diving Birds REPTILES (Reptilia-Brittle Tails of Lizards, Importance of Cylindrical Shape in Snakes, &c.
AMPHIBIANS (Amphibia)-Wrestler Frog
INVERTEBRATES-Ink of Cuttle-Fishes, Detachable Foot-Region of some Land. Snails, Springing Molluscs, Ants and Bombardier Beetles, Use of Suspensory Threads (Spiders, Caterpillars, Slogs), Crustaceans, Sacrifice of Part of Body in Annelids, Possible Origin of Segmentation
ANIMAL RESPIRATION THE BREATH OF LIFE
CHAPTER XXXL-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-GENERAL PRINCIPLES BREATHERS IN WATER AND BREATHERS IN AIR
GENERAL PRINCIPLES-Nature of and Necessity for Breathing or Respiration, Breathing by General Surface, Special Breathing Organs
BREATHERS IN WATER AND BREATHERS IN AIR-Process essentially the same in all cases, Relation between Plants and Animals as regards Breathing -
CHAPTER XXXIL-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-VERTEBRATES
THAT BREATHE IN WATER
Nature and Development of Gill-Clefts, Their possible origin in remote ancestral forms
FISHES (Pisces) AS BREATHERS IN WATER-Nature of Gills, Lampreys and Hags (Cyclostomata), Sharks and Rays (Elasmobranchii), Sea-Cats (Holocephali), Ordinary Bony Fishes (Teleostei)
PRIMITIVE VERTEBRATES (Protochordata)- Lancelet, Ascidians or Tunicates, Acorn-headed Worms
CHAPTER XXXIL-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-NEMERTINES MOLLUSCS WHICH BREATHE IN WATER
NEMERTINE WORMS (NEMERTEA)-Some resemblance to Vertebrates -
MOLLUSCS (Mollusca)-Mail-Shells, &c. (Protomollusca); Head-Footed Molluses (Cephalopoda)-Cuttle-Fish, Pearly Nautilus; Snails and Slugs (Gastropoda) Ormer, Keyhole Limpet, Whelk and Purple Shell, Common Limpet, John Knox's Limpet, Sea-Hare, Sea-Lemon, &c.; Bivalve Molluscs (Lamellibranchia) Mussels, Cockles, Oysters, &c.
CHAPTER XXXIV.-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-JOINTED-LIMBED ANIMALS WHICH BREATHE IN WATER
CRUSTACEANS (Crustacea)-Common Lobster, Freshwater Crayfish, Common Prawn, Hermit-Crabs, Crabs, Mantis-Shrimps, Sand-Hoppers, Skeleton
Shrimps, Sea-Slaters, Water Wood-Louse, Mud-Shrimps, Apus, Water Fleas, Mussel-Shrimps, Barnacles
KING-CRABS (Xiphosura).
CHAPTER XXXV-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-LOWER INVERTEBRATES WHICH BREATHE IN WATER
SEGMENTED WORMIS (Annelida)-Bristle-Worms (Chaetopoda)-Scale-Worms, Lugworm, Head-Gills of Tube-Dwellers; Leeches (Discophora)
SIPHON-WORMS (Gephyrca) AND WHEEL ANIMALCULES (Rotifera),
Moss-POLYPES (Polyzoa) AND LAMP SHELLS (Brachiopoda) -
HEDGEHOG-SKINNED ANIMALS OR ECHINODERMS (Echinodermata)-Influence of the Skeleton on the Development of Breathing Organs, The Relation of the Water-vascular System to Breathing
ZOOPHYTES (Calenterata) Breathing by External and Internal Surfaces, Special Arrangement in some Sea-Anemones 416
SPONGES (Porifera) AND ANIMALCULES (Protozoa)
CHAPTER XXXVI-ANIMAL RESPIRATION BACKBONED
ANIMALS WHICH BREATHE IN AIR
THE ORIGIN OF LUNGS-Swim-Bladder of Fishes-Bichir, Lung-Fishes - 421
AMPHIBIANS (Amphibia)-Common Frog, Cæcilians, Lungless Amphibians -
REPTILES (Reptilia)-Increase in Complexity, Mechanism of Breathing, Crocodiles, Nature and Development of Lungs, Aquatic Ancestry of Land Vertebrates Snakes, Snake-like Lizards, Chameleons -
BIRDS (Aves) Structure of Lungs, Air-Sacs, Mechanism of Breathing.
CHAPTER XXXVII-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-BACKBONELESS ANIMALS WHICH BREATHE IN AIR
MAMMALS (Mammalia)-Structure of Lungs, Mechanism of Breathing, Cetaceans,
MOLLUSCS (Mollusca)-Lung-Snails and other Gastropods which breathe in air, Garden Snail, Black Slug, Pond-Snail, Trumpet-Snail
ARTHROPODS (Arthropoda)-Peripatus, Origin of Air-tubes
CENTIPEDES AND MILLIPEDES (Myriapoda)-Shield-bearing Centipede, Imperfect Development of Blood-System
INSECTS (Insecta)-Cockroach, Bees and Locusts; Aquatic Air-breathing Insects -Great Water-Beetle, Whirligig Beetles, Great Black Water-Beetle, Pond Skaters, Water-Boatmen, Water-Scorpions, Rat-tailed Maggot, Common Gnat
ARACHNIDS (Arachnida)-Scorpions, Whip-Scorpions, Spiders, Mites -
CRUSTACEANS (Crustacea)-Land-Crabs, Wood-Lice
LAND NEMERTINES (Nemertea), EARTH-WORMS AND LAND-LEECHES (Annelida), AND LAND PLANARIANS (Turbellaria)
CHAPTER XXXVIII-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-AMPHIBIOUS VERTEBRATES
FISHES (Pisces)-Eel, Carp, Tench, Mud-Skippers, Bleak, Roach, Loach, Snake headed Fishes, Climbing Perch; Evolution of the Lungs of Backboned Animals, Lung-Fishes
AMPHIBIANS (Amphibia)-Hell-Bender, Giant Salamander, Olm, Siren Salamander; Common Frog
CHAPTER XXXIX.-ANIMAL RESPIRATION-AMPHIBIOUS invertebrates
MOLLUSCS (Mollusca)-Origin of Land-Snails and Slugs-Periwinkles, Apple Snails, &c.
INSECTS (Insecta)-Net-Winged Insects (Neuroptera)-Stone-Flies, Dragon-Flies, May-flies, Alder-Flies, Caddis-Flies; Two-Winged Insects (Diptera)-Midges, Sand-Midges
CRUSTACEANS (Crustacca)-Shore-Crabs, Robber-Crab