Squid Game Gold Coin Kids Play Ground Turning Head Asia Signed Card Drama Series

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Seller: anddownthewaterfall ✉️ (33,555) 99.8%, Location: Greater Manchester, GB, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 315241708192 Squid Game Gold Coin Kids Play Ground Turning Head Asia Signed Card Drama Series. Squid Games Rotating Dolls Head + Squid Games Card This is a Gold Plated "Squid Games" Coin with Autograph Card It shows the first game from the TV Series "Red Light, Green Light" and the Dolls Head Rotates and turns around (please see the video included in the photos" In front of the doll is a scene from the TV series with all the main actors The back has the name "Squid Game" The Square and the Square and Circle Squid Logo Also is three of the masked "Game Helpers" Also included is a card one side is a replica of the invitational card on the show with the Square, Triangle, Circle Logo and the phone number the contestants call The back has an image of all the main actors and their names from the show  with their autographs are printed onto the card Would make an Excellent Gift for anyone who loves the TV Show Dimension 50 mm x 40 mm x 5mm Weights about 1 oz In Excellent Condition Starting at a Penny...With No Reserve..If your the only bidder you win it for 1p....Grab a Bargain!!!!

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Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang, Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore, Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney, Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey, Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian, Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome, Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon, Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, Fukuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St. Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw, Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut, Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait, Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen, Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra Squid Game: The Challenge Genre Reality competition Based on Squid Game by Hwang Dong-hyuk Country of origin United Kingdom Original language English No. of series 1 No. of episodes 10 Production Executive producers Nicola Brown Tim Harcourt John Hay Toni Ireland Anna Kidd Stephen Lambert Louise Peet Nia Yemoh Stephen Yemoh Running time 40–57 minutes Production companies Studio Lambert The Garden Original release Network Netflix Release 22 November 2023 – present Squid Game: The Challenge is a ten-episode British reality competition television series based on Squid Game, the South Korean drama. The show features 456 players (the largest cast in reality TV history) competing for US$4.56 million, the largest single cash prize in reality television history. The Netflix original was produced as a collaboration between independent television production companies Studio Lambert and the Garden, with Studio Lambert leading physical production in the UK.[1] The first 5 episodes of the show were released internationally on 22 November 2023 on Netflix.[2][3] Episodes 6–9 were released on 29 November, while episode 10, the finale, was released on 6 December.[4] The show was No. 1 on Netflix’s list of Top 10 English-language show for the first two weeks after its release. It had 20.5 million views in its first week, 11.4 million in its second, and 6.6 million in its third, with a total of over 224 million hours watched within the first 21 days.[5][6][7] On 6 December 2023, prior to the release of the season one finale, Netflix announced a second season order.[8] Premise 456 players compete to win US$4.56 million (about £3.6 million), the largest cast and second largest cash prize in reality competition history. Through a series of games, each player is pushed to their limits and forced to ask themselves how far they will go to win.[9] Gameplay Players were eliminated in the first two rounds by getting "shot" (dye packs in their uniforms). Players listed below were eliminated in that particular round.[10] Red Light, Green Light In Red Light, Green Light, players had what seems to be five minutes[11] to cross the arena without getting caught by the robotic girl. Eliminated players (259) Some notable players were eliminated in this round. 060 Leva 172 Mike 263 Cathy 318 Starla Decision test While peeling carrots in between games, players 101 and 134 were given the option to give a player an advantage or eliminate a player. They opted to eliminate. Eliminated players (1) 200 Mothi Dalgona Prior to the game, players were asked to stand in four lines. One player from each line was asked to agree on which groups (including themselves) would be assigned the four dalgona shapes (circle, triangle, star, and umbrella). When the four players could not come to an agreement in two minutes, they were eliminated. Ultimately, after three rounds of decisions, players 299, 344, 432, and 452 were able to come to a decision. Eliminated players (8) 98 Zach 166 Louisa 170 Alexander 288 D'Andre 321 Laverne 328 Louise 378 Hikmat 454 Kevin Players were then tasked to etch the shape in the Dalgona Candy with a needle. 69 players were eliminated. Some notable players eliminated in this round were: 101 Kyle 134 Dani 299 Spencer Phone test Between games, a phone was provided in the dormitory. Player 198 picked up the phone and received a McDonald's meal. The second time the phone rang, Player 198 picked up the phone again and was told that, to avoid elimination, he would need to convince another player to pick up the phone as well. He was unsuccessful. Eliminated players (1) 198 Husnain Warship Players were tasked to create eight evenly split teams. The teams then were faced off against another team to play the next game, a variant on Battleship. After identifying a captain and lieutenant, teams had to place boats on a game board and seat players in the boats. When all boats were placed, teams shot "rockets" at the other team's game board to sink the ships. The first team to sink two ships won the round. All players in sunk ships and the Captain and Lieutenant of the losing team were eliminated, while all other players (including players on the losing team in surviving boats) moved on. 45 players were eliminated. Some notable players eliminated in this round were: 033 Figgy 107 Tayo 142 Anna 270 Adrian 432 Bryton Vote test Players were told that they each would place a vote for one person to be eliminated. Once a vote was cast against a player, they would be displayed on the screen. The top three receivers of votes were eliminated. Eliminated players (3) 161 Lorenzo 330 Kien 374 Andy Jack-in-the-box test Five volunteers were provided with jack-in-the-boxes which included tasks for them to complete. Player 130 was given an advantage in the next game (although he was eliminated before he was able to utilize it). Player 375 was eliminated. Player 087 was told to eliminate one player (Player 176). Player 183 was told to eliminate two players (Players 026 and 141). Player 229 was told to eliminate three players (Players 130, 232, and 243). Eliminated players (7) 026 Amber 130 Jakoben 141 Dash 176 Darius 232 Rick 243 Stephen 375 Joel Marbles For completing a chore successfully in the designated time, players were treated with a picnic where they sat in pairs. Hidden in the baskets were marbles, and players were told that their opponents for the Marbles game would be the person with whom they had their picnic. Player 222 who had no partner was selected to be safe through the round. 32 players were eliminated, 31 remained. Notable players eliminated in this round are: Jada 097 Chaney 179 Phalisia 229 LeAnn 302 Brad 337 Allegiance test The remaining players are tasked to decide on a captain, Player 182: TJ was eventually selected. Player 182: TJ is then informed that he alongside only 19 others will move on to play in Game 5, and that the next test will be an Allegiance Test. The captain must select one ally from the group to advance alongside him. This selection sets off a domino effect, where each chosen player picks another, creating a chain of allegiances. At the end of the test, the 11 players not selected are eliminated. Selection sequence 182 TJ is chosen as the captain 182 TJ chooses 287 Mai 287 Mai chooses 286 Chad 286 Chad chooses 254 Mike 254 Mike chooses 077 Marina 077 Marina chooses 018 Bee 018 Bee chooses 019 Amanda 019 Amanda chooses 393 Jackie 393 Jackie chooses 451 Phill 451 Phill chooses 278 Ashley 278 Ashley chooses 016 Sam 016 Sam chooses 023 Siobhan 023 Siobhan chooses 051 Rose Mary Kah 051 Rose Mary Kah chooses 221 Charles 221 Charles chooses 355 Hallie 355 Hallie chooses 429 Elliott 429 Elliott chooses 418 Roland 418 Roland chooses 301 Trey 301 Trey chooses 269 James 269 James chooses 031 Purna as Final Pick Eliminated players (11) 002 Favour 030 Jinwoo 090 Ankur 120 Clayton 149 Justin 158 Preston 178 Chaz 204 Dan 215 Eric 222 Jordan 323 Ed Remaining players (20) 016 Sam 018 Bee 019 Amanda 023 Siobhan 031 Purna 051 Rose Mary Kah 077 Marina 182 TJ 221 Charles 254 Mike 269 James 278 Ashley 286 Chad 287 Mai 301 Trey 355 Hallie 393 Jackie 418 Roland 429 Elliott 451 Phill Glass Bridge The game featured a glass bridge containing 17 pairs of glass tiles. Each set of tiles represents two types of glass: one type was safe to stand on, the other was not. Each player had to wear a vest assigned a unique number ranging from 1 to 20 and cross the bridge in sequential order within 30 minutes. Wrong choices on the bridge led to elimination. Order assignment To add a layer of unpredictability to the game, players were instructed to select a teddy bear from a claw machine. Each bear was associated with a hidden specific number, which they then needed to assign to another player, establishing the sequence in which the contestants would participate in the game. Selection sequence 287 Mai grabs vest 04 and chooses 077 Marina 278 Ashley grabs vest 06 and chooses 031 Purna 451 Phill grabs vest 08 and chooses 418 Roland 393 Jackie grabs vest 01 and chooses 182 TJ 221 Charles grabs vest 03 and chooses 301 Trey 016 Sam grabs vest 09 and chooses 429 Elliott 031 Purna grabs vest 05 and chooses 278 Ashley 269 James grabs vest 12 and chooses 051 Rose Mary Kah 429 Elliott grabs vest 18 and chooses 355 Hallie 254 Mike grabs vest 07 and chooses 393 Jackie 182 TJ grabs vest 20 and chooses 287 Mai 019 Amanda grabs vest 02 and chooses 221 Charles 077 Marina grabs vest 13 and chooses 023 Siobhan 418 Roland grabs vest 10 and chooses 451 Phill 301 Trey grabs vest 15 and chooses 269 James 355 Hallie grabs vest 14 and chooses 254 Mike 286 Chad grabs vest 17 and chooses 016 Sam 051 Rose Mary Kah grabs vest 16 and chooses 018 Bee 023 Siobhan grabs vest 19 and chooses 019 Amanda 018 Bee grabs the final vest, 11, it goes to 286 Chad by default Player sequences #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 182 TJ 221 Charles 301 Trey 077 Marina 278 Ashley 031 Purna 393 Jackie 418 Roland 429 Elliott 451 Phill #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19 #20 286 Chad 051 Rose Mary Kah 023 Siobhan 254 Mike 269 James 018 Bee 016 Sam 355 Hallie 019 Amanda 287 Mai Eliminated players (8) 023 Siobhan 077 Marina 182 TJ 221 Charles 254 Mike 269 James 301 Trey 393 Jackie Remaining players (12) 016 Sam 018 Bee 019 Amanda 031 Purna 051 Rose Mary Kah 278 Ashley 286 Chad 287 Mai 355 Hallie 418 Roland 429 Elliott 451 Phill Die test Players need to take turns and roll the dice. Before rolling, they must decide whether to nominate their own name or another player's name. If a player rolls a '6', the nominated person will be eliminated. The game stops when 3 players are eliminated. The players selected Player 287 as the Leader, and consequently, 287 Mai was designated to be the first to roll the dice. 287 Mai nominates 278 Ashley and rolls a 4 418 Roland nominates himself and rolls a 3 016 Sam nominates himself and rolls a 4 355 Hallie nominates herself and rolls a 2 018 Bee nominates herself and rolls a 6, eliminating herself 278 Ashley nominates 287 Mai and rolls a 5 429 Elliot nominates himself and rolls a 3 031 Purna nominates himself and rolls a 6, eliminating himself 451 Phill nominates himself and rolls a 2 019 Amanda nominates herself and rolls a 3 286 Chad nominates himself and rolls a 6, eliminating himself and ending the game Eliminated players (3) 018 Bee 031 Purna 286 Chad Remaining players (9) 016 Sam 019 Amanda 051 Rose Mary Kah 278 Ashley 287 Mai 355 Hallie 418 Roland 429 Elliott 451 Phill Circle of Trust Players are seated at desks in a circle with a podium in the middle with a gift box, and then blindfolded. When tapped on the shoulder, the player secretly removes their blindfold, picks up the gift box, places it on another player's desk which they wish to be eliminated, then returns to their desk and replaces their blindfold. They all then remove their blindfolds and the player gets to guess who placed the box on their desk. If they guess correctly, the gifter is eliminated; if they guess incorrectly, they are eliminated. This game is an altered version of Heads up, seven up. # Chosen player Player with box Guessed Eliminated 1. 287 Mai 418 Roland 051 Rose Mary Kah 418 Roland 2. 355 Hallie 019 Amanda 451 Phill 019 Amanda 3. 429 Elliott 287 Mai 429 Elliott 4. 051 Rose Mary Kah 451 Phill 051 Rose Mary Kah 5. 278 Ashley 451 Phill 278 Ashley 6. 451 Phill 355 Hallie 287 Mai 355 Hallie Eliminated players (6) 019 Amanda 051 Rose Mary Kah 278 Ashley 355 Hallie 418 Roland 429 Elliott Remaining players (3) 016 Sam 287 Mai 451 Phill Button test All 3 players were treated to a feast at a triangle-shaped dinner table. In the middle of the table, there was a podium at the middle displaying three buttons and each player must press a button. When a button is pressed, it will glow a different colour. If it glows green, that player moves on and chooses one player to go with them. If it glows gray, no consequence will happen. If it glows red, the player is eliminated. 287 Mai pressed the centre button which glowed gray. 016 Sam pressed the right button which glowed red, resulting in his elimination. 451 Phill did not have to press a button due to 016 Sam's elimination. Eliminated players (1) 016 Sam Rock Paper Scissors In a squid-shaped grid, both players must stand on the eyes of the squid. At the top and bottom of the grid, there is a safe and a box of keys respectively. Both players must draw a move in a game of Rock Paper Scissors. The winning player must go select a key from the box and try to open the safe. If they are unsuccessful, the game continues. Whoever picks a key and unlocks the safe wins Squid Game. Eliminated players (1) 451 Phill Winner of Squid Game 287 Mai Episodes No. Title [12] Original release date 1 "Red Light, Green Light" 22 November 2023 2 "The Man with the Umbrella" 22 November 2023 3 "War" 22 November 2023 4 "Nowhere to Hide" 22 November 2023 5 "Trick or Treat" 22 November 2023 6 "Goodbye" 29 November 2023 7 "Friend and Foe" 29 November 2023 8 "One Step Closer" 29 November 2023 9 "Circle of Trust" 29 November 2023 10 "One Lucky Day" 6 December 2023 Production In June 2022, it was announced that Netflix had given the production a series order.[13] Casting Applications for the series opened in June 2022 with an announcement video released on YouTube.[14] Netflix sought contestants from around the world but mandated that they must be English-speaking.[13] The streaming service put out a final casting call in September 2022.[15] Approximately 81,000 applied to be contestants.[9] With 456 real players, the series claims to have the largest cast in reality TV history.[16] The most number of players are: from the United States; in their 20s; men.[9] Filming Filming began in January 2023 across two studios in the UK, Cardington Studios in Bedford and on six giant sound stages in Barking, London.[17][18] Reports emerged that ambulances had been called to treat real-life injuries sustained while filming the show. Several players claimed in an interview that "Red Light, Green Light" had actually lasted for 7 hours, where players had to hold poses for up to 30 minutes. Netflix denied the severity of the reports, stating that the injuries were mild medical conditions and that they care about the health and safety of the cast and crew.[19] The local ambulance service also stated it had not been called out to the studios. Britain's Health and Safety Executive evaluated the production after these complaints and found no actionable issues.[20] Two unnamed players from the show threatened to sue Netflix after claiming that they had hypothermia during filming.[21] Release The first five episodes of Squid Game: The Challenge were released on 22 November 2023.[3] Episodes 6–9 were released on 29 November, while episode 10, the finale, was released on 6 December.[4] Game summary Due to size constraints, this table only includes the 119 contestants that succeeded in Games 1 & 2, and appear in Episode 3: War. Please note that 337 contestants were eliminated between the first two episodes and are not included in the game summary table. Color key:   WINNER The winner of Squid Game   RUNNER-UP The runner-up of Squid Game   WIN Successfully passed the game   RISK At risk of getting eliminated   OUT Eliminated from Squid Game via failing a game or test   OUT Eliminated from Squid Game via being voted out   LOSE Failed Game 3: Warships, but continued on in the competition    Successfully selected a shape for their group in Game 2: Dalgona    Elected Captain of their group in Game 3: Warships, or in the Allegiance test    Elected Lieutenant of their group in Game 3: Warships Squid Game: The Challenge Contestant Episode Progress Contestants Episodes Number Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. Red Light, Green Light 2. Dalgona 3. Warships Group Vote Jack-in- the-Box Test 4. Marbles Allegiance Test 5. Glass Bridge Die Test 6. Circle of Trust Button Test 7. Rock Paper Scissors 287 Mai WIN Star WIN Group 2 LOSE 097: Jada WIN 286: Chad 20 (by 182) WIN 278 4 RISK 418, 429 WIN Triangle WINNER 451 Phill Star Group 7 LOSE 337: Bradford WIN 278: Ashley 10 (by 418) WIN 451 2 051, 278, 355 WIN RUNNER-UP 016 Sam Star Group 5 RISK 344: Charlie WIN 023: Siobhan 17 (by 286) WIN 016 4 WIN OUT 355 Hallie Circle Group 8 LOSE 410: Demi WIN 429: Elliott 18 (by 429) WIN 355 2 019, 287 OUT 278 Ashley Circle Group 3 WIN 229: Phalisia WIN 016: Sam 05 (by 031) WIN RISK 287 5 451 OUT 051 Rose Mary Kah Triangle Group 3 RISK 080: Rachelle WIN 221: Charles 12 (by 269) WIN 451 OUT 429 Elliott Circle Group 8 LOSE 427: Trudy WIN 418: Roland 09 (by 016) WIN 429 3 287 OUT 019 Amanda Circle Group 6 WIN 336: Brian WIN 393: Jackie 19 (by 023) WIN 019 3 451 OUT 418 Roland Umbrella Group 8 LOSE 202: Elliott WIN 301: Trey 08 (by 451) WIN 418 3 058 OUT 286 Chad Circle Group 7 LOSE 334: Robert WIN 254: Mikie 11 WIN 286 6 OUT 031 Purna Circle Group 4 WIN 339: Rob WIN SAFE 06 (by 278) WIN 031 6 OUT 018 Bee Circle Group 6 WIN 361: Melissa WIN 019: Amanda 16 (by 051) WIN 018 6 OUT 269 James Circle Group 4 WIN 312: Alexis WIN 031: Purna 15 (by 301) OUT 254 Mikie Triangle Group 2 LOSE 087: Kyle WIN 077: Marina 14 (by 355) OUT 023 Siobhan Triangle Group 5 RISK 054: Lucia WIN 051: Rose Mary Kah 13 (by 077) OUT 393 Jackie Star Group 6 WIN 382: Tim WIN 451: Phill 07 (by 254) OUT 301 Trey Circle Group 5 WIN 302: LeAnn WIN 269: James 03 (by 221) OUT 077 Marina Circle Group 5 WIN 083: Christian WIN 018: Bee 04 (by 287) OUT 221 Charles Star Group 5 WIN 179: Chaney WIN 355: Hallie 02 (by 019) OUT 182 TJ Star Group 5 WIN 183: Jesse WIN 287: Mai 01 (by 393) OUT 002 Favour Circle Group 3 WIN 319: Yu Hannah WIN OUT 030 Jinwoo Triangle Group 7 LOSE 445: Chapman WIN OUT 090 Ankur Triangle Group 7 LOSE 043: Eddie WIN OUT 120 Clayton Star Group 6 WIN 453: Rachel WIN OUT 149 Justin Triangle Group 6 RISK 404: Ned WIN OUT 158 Preston Triangle Group 3 WIN 359: Malyk WIN OUT 178 Chaz Star Group 3 WIN 442: Phillip WIN OUT 204 Dan Star Group 4 WIN 209: Marcus WIN OUT 215 Eric Umbrella Group 1 LOSE 210: Chad WIN OUT 222 Jordan Triangle Group 1 LOSE SAFE OUT 323 Ed Star Group 1 LOSE 326: Melissa WIN OUT 302 LeAnn Circle Group 5 RISK RISK 301: Trey OUT 336 Brian Triangle Group 4 WIN 019: Amanda OUT 319 Yu Hannah Umbrella Group 3 WIN 002: Favour OUT 229 Phalisia Star Group 5 RISK 130, 243, 232 278: Ashley OUT 087 Kyle Triangle Group 2 LOSE 176 254: Mikie OUT 399 Aurora Circle Group 2 LOSE 065: Dylan OUT 065 Dylan Triangle Group 4 WIN 399: Aurora OUT 179 Chaney Star Group 5 WIN RISK 221: Charles OUT 344 Charlie Star Group 3 WIN 016: Sam OUT 183 Jesse Star Group 5 WIN 026, 141 182: TJ OUT 334 Robert Star Group 4 WIN 286: Chad OUT 097 Jada Triangle Group 5 WIN 287: Mai OUT 209 Marcus Star Group 4 WIN 204: Daniel OUT 382 Tim Triangle Group 6 WIN 393: Jackie OUT 083 Christian Triangle Group 6 RISK 077: Marina OUT 361 Melissa Triangle Group 5 WIN 018: Bee OUT 404 Ned Circle Group 2 LOSE 149: Justin OUT 339 Rob Triangle Group 3 WIN 031: Purna OUT 337 Brad Star Group 3 WIN 451: Phill OUT 453 Rachel Circle Group 6 WIN 120: Clayton OUT 054 Lucia Triangle Group 5 WIN 023: Siobhan OUT 312 Alexis Star Group 4 WIN 269: James OUT 326 Melissa Circle Group 1 LOSE 323: Ed OUT 445 Chapman Triangle Group 6 WIN 030: Jinwoo OUT 043 Eddie Triangle Group 6 WIN 090: Ankur OUT 359 Malyk Triangle Group 3 RISK 158: Preston OUT 442 Phillip Triangle Group 6 RISK 178: Chaz OUT 210 Chad Triangle Group 1 LOSE 215: Eric OUT 427 Trudy Circle Group 8 LOSE 429: Elliott OUT 080 Rachelle Star Group 6 WIN 051: Rose Mary Kah OUT 410 Demi Triangle Group 8 LOSE 355: Hallie OUT 202 Elliott Circle Group 4 WIN 418: Roland OUT 232 Rick Circle Group 4 WIN OUT 243 Stephen Star Group 4 RISK OUT 130 Jakoben Circle Group 6 WIN OUT 176 Darius Star Group 5 WIN OUT 375 Joel Circle Group 4 WIN OUT 141 Dash Circle Group 2 LOSE OUT 026 Amber Circle Group 1 LOSE OUT 161 Lorenzo Triangle Group 5 WIN OUT 330 Kien Umbrella Group 7 LOSE OUT 374 Andy Circle Group 4 RISK OUT 258 Brownie Circle Group 7 OUT 273 Darylle Circle Group 7 OUT 367 Camilla Umbrella Group 7 OUT 107 Tayo Umbrella Group 7 OUT 194 Saïd Umbrella Group 7 OUT 035 Megan Circle Group 7 OUT 103 Stephanie Triangle Group 7 OUT 248 Chaun Circle Group 7 OUT 033 Figgy Circle Group 7 OUT 297 Kwame Star Group 7 OUT 414 Rebecca Triangle Group 4 OUT 218 Michael Triangle Group 4 OUT 057 Madison Triangle Group 8 OUT 434 Joe Circle Group 8 OUT 362 Kiara Triangle Group 8 OUT 226 Aiyanna Star Group 8 OUT 357 Nayo Triangle Group 8 OUT 446 Tom Star Group 6 OUT 106 Jessica Circle Group 6 OUT 034 Hannah Circle Group 8 OUT 350 Lindsey Circle Group 8 OUT 267 Amanda Circle Group 8 OUT 435 Catherine Circle Group 8 OUT 438 Shelby Circle Group 8 OUT 396 Scott Star Group 2 OUT 264 Tyler Triangle Group 2 OUT 386 MiMi Triangle Group 2 OUT 135 Vanessa Star Group 2 OUT 136 Carlos Star Group 2 OUT 187 Kevin Star Group 2 OUT 186 Onur Circle Group 2 OUT 433 Alex Circle Group 2 OUT 220 Jessi Circle Group 1 OUT 352 Radhika Star Group 1 OUT 270 Adrian Umbrella Group 1 OUT 432 Bryton Triangle Group 1 OUT 343 Brianna Circle Group 3 OUT 142 Anna Triangle Group 3 OUT 188 Sam Circle Group 3 OUT 389 Taylor Circle Group 3 OUT 452 Mark Circle Group 1 OUT 447 Yongjun Circle Group 1 OUT 422 Riley Triangle Group 1 OUT 041 Jastin Star Group 1 OUT 068 Abdulla Triangle Group 1 OUT 198 Husnain Star OUT 200 Mothi OUT Reception Viewership In its release week (20–26 November 2023), Squid Game: The Challenge was the most-watched show globally on Netflix, with 85.7 million hours. It reached number one in 74 countries that same week, including the US and UK – and was Top 10 in a further 19 countries.[5] The series stayed at number one globally on Netflix into a second week (27 November – 3 December 2023), with 11.4 million views and 85 million hours watched. It was Top 10 in TV in 91 different countries that week.[6] The reality competition series also boosted the original drama series Squid Game to number seven on the Non-English TV list with 1.5 million views that week.[22] In its third week post-release, Squid Game: The Challenge came in third place globally. It added 6.6 million views and 54.1 million hours viewed.[7] Critical response The show received a mixed reception from critics and audiences. On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 45% based on 44 reviews, with an average score of 5.8/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "The Challenge can be an addictive binge thanks to the sheer ingenuity of Squid Games' set pieces, but playing the original series' barbed satire completely straight gives this spinoff a soulless aftertaste."[23] Metacritic gave a weighted average score of 51 out of 100 based on 22 critics reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[24] Ryan Smith wrote in Newsweek, "Netflix's new spin-off of the thrilling Korean drama not only succeeds but triumphs in bringing to screens one of the most compelling TV competitions of the decade".[25] In the Financial Times, Dan Einav proclaimed the "Netflix megahit becomes an irresistible reality show",[26] while the Radio Times stated that Squid Game: The Challenge "not only lives up to the original, but with the new twists, challenges, and the real-life prize fund at stake, it's even more intense than the hit show".[27] In Vulture, Nicholas Quah said "not only does Squid Game: The Challenge qualify as damn good reality television, it even serves as an unexpectedly effective adaptation of the original K-drama. The game show uses the language of modern reality television to realize, in its own strange way, the themes in Dong-hyuk's parable of capitalism grinding human beings into dust". Quah concluded "Squid Game: The Challenge isn't just a good reality show. It's a morally righteous one".[28] Writing in The Guardian, critic Rebecca Nicholson said, "The real-life version of the Netflix drama is a grandiose, addictive spectacle that will have you shouting at your TV before the end of episode one."[29] Some critics have suggested the unscripted version misses the point of the drama. The Hollywood Reporter called it "a brand extension that fundamentally misunderstands what the brand was meant to represent in the first place", continuing "you can take the anti-capitalism out of Squid Game – but capitalism will always find a way to rear its ugly head".[30] In The Telegraph, Jasper Rees said "the reality remake loses none of the tension or intrigue" of the drama, continuing "I…am agog to discover how ruthless the last dollar-driven survivors can be".[31] Chase Hutchinson for Collider found it "shameless and opportunistic" and concluded "if the corrupt forces of capitalism could be made into a shambling corpse of television, it would look like Squid Game: The Challenge".[32] Awards and nominations Year Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref. 2024 Art Directors Guild Awards Excellence in Production Design for a Variety, Reality, or Competition Series Mathieu Weekes and Benjamin Norman (for "War") Won [33] People's Choice Awards The Competition Show of the Year Squid Game: The Challenge Nominated [34] Producers Guild of America Awards Outstanding Producer of Game & Competition Television Pending [35] See also $456,000 Squid Game in Real Life! – 2021 video by MrBeast References  "'Squid Game' Reality Show Teaser Brings 'Red Light, Green Light' to Life on Netflix (Video)". TheWrap. 17 June 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.  "'Squid Game: The Challenge': Controversial Netflix Competition Series Gets Release Date and First Look". Variety. 17 June 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.  Goldbart, Max (22 September 2023). "'Squid Game: The Challenge': Netflix Unveils Trailer & Launch Date for Reality Series with $4.56M Prize Fund". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 22 September 2023.  Starkey, Adam (21 November 2023). "What time is 'Squid Game: The Challenge' on Netflix?". NME. Retrieved 25 November 2023.  "Netflix Global Top 10 TV (November 20-26, 2023)". Tudum. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.  "Netflix Global Top 10 TV (November 27 - December 3, 2023)". Tudum. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.  "Netflix Global Top 10 TV (December 4-10, 2023)". Tudum. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.  Moreau, Jordan (6 December 2023). "'Squid Game: The Challenge' Renewed for Season 2 at Netflix, Casting Now Open". Variety. Retrieved 6 December 2023.  Richards, Amanda; Delbyck, Cole (1 December 2023). "Zip Up Your Tracksuits Because 'Squid Game: The Challenge' Is Here". Tudum. Retrieved 6 December 2023.  "Squid Game: The Challenge". Tudum.  Adekaiyero, Ayomikun. "I was on 'Squid Game: The Challenge.' The 'Red Light, Green Light' game took hours to film, and I knew karma would get me after I eliminated someone". Insider.  "Watch Squid Game: The Challenge". Netflix. Retrieved 29 November 2023.  "Will Squid Game: The Challenge be the darkest reality show ever?". The Guardian. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2023.  "Squid Game: The Challenge – Announcement – Netflix" (video). Netflix. 14 June 2022 – via YouTube.  "Squid Game: The Challenge – Final Casting Call – Netflix" (video). Netflix. 17 September 2022 – via YouTube.  "Squid Game Casting". squidgamecasting.com. Netflix.  "'Squid Game' Reality Show Sees Medics Called for Frozen Players Affected by U.K. Cold Snap". Variety. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.  "'It's like the Stanford Prison Experiment': The British studio turning Squid Game into reality". The Daily Telegraph. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.  "Squid Game: Three receive treatment during Netflix show". BBC News. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.  "'Squid Game: The Challenge' Faced Safety Watchdog Review After Medical Incidents On Netflix Series". Deadline. 10 February 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.  Kanter, Jake (23 November 2023). "'Squid Game: The Challenge' Contestants Threaten Lawsuit After Claiming They Suffered Hypothermia & Nerve Damage During Filming". Deadline. Retrieved 5 December 2023.  Campione, Katie (5 December 2023). "'Leo' & 'Squid Game: The Challenge' Dominate Netflix Top 10 For Second Week". Deadline. Retrieved 6 December 2023.  "Squid Game: The Challenge: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 17 December 2023.  "Squid Game: The Challenge". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved 2 December 2023.  Smith, Ryan (22 November 2023). "Netflix's 'Squid Game: The Challenge' Breaks All the Rules of Reality TV". Newsweek. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Einav, Dan (21 November 2023). "Squid Game: The Challenge TV review — Netflix megahit becomes an irresistible reality show". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Henry, Grace (21 November 2023). "Squid Game: The Challenge review - More intense than drama series with new twists". Radio Times. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Quah, Nicholas (20 November 2023). "Oh No, Is Squid Game: The Challenge … Good?". Vulture. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Nicholson, Rebecca (20 November 2023). "Squid Game: The Challenge review – the most gripping reality TV since The Traitors". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Han, Angie (21 November 2023). "'Squid Game: The Challenge' Review: Netflix Cashes in, and It's Not Pretty". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Rees, Jasper (20 November 2023). "Squid Game: The Challenge, Netflix, review: reality remake loses none of the tension or intrigue". The Telegraph. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Hutchinson, Chase (20 November 2023). "'Squid Game: The Challenge' Review: Netflix's Reality Show Needs to Be Eliminated". Collider. Retrieved 24 November 2023.  Tangcay, Jazz (9 January 2024). "Saltburn, Oppenheimer, Killers of the Flower Moon Lead Art Directors Guild 2024 Nominations". Variety. Retrieved 9 January 2024.  Malec, Brett (11 January 2024). "2024 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees". E! Online. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.  Bergeson, Samantha (12 January 2024). "PGA Awards 2024 Nominations: Maestro, Killers of the Flower Moon, and Past Lives Among Contenders". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024. External links Squid Game: The Challenge on Netflix Edit this at Wikidata Squid Game: The Challenge at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata Squid Game: The Challenge at UKGameshows.com vte Squid Game Created by Hwang Dong-hyuk Official media Squid GameAwards and nominationsCharactersMusicSquid Game: The Challenge Related Crab GameAnnoying Squid Game"$456,000 Squid Game in Real Life!""Wet Kuat Amortican Summer" vte Netflix original current series Since 2016 Stranger Things Since 2017 Big Mouth Since 2018 Live-action Accidentally in LoveA Taiwanese Tale of Two CitiesElite Non-fiction Car Masters: Rust to RichesDogsExplainedHauntedMagic for HumansMy Next Guest Needs No Introduction...Nailed It!Queer EyeSomebody Feed PhilSugar RushSunderland 'Til I Die Animation B: The BeginningThe Dragon Prince Since 2019 Live-action English I Think You Should Leave with Tim RobinsonThe PoliticianThe Umbrella AcademyVirgin RiverThe Witcher Other Ainori Love Wagon: African JourneyDelhi CrimeHow to Sell Drugs Online (Fast)Nowhere ManSintoniaTriad PrincessUndercover Non-fiction Blown AwayFormula 1: Drive to SurviveI Like to WatchThe Movies That Made UsRhythm + FlowSelling SunsetStreet FoodTaco Chronicles Animation Chip and PotatoKengan AshuraLove, Death & Robots Since 2020 Live-action English Blood & WaterBridgertonDetentionEmily in ParisOuter BanksRatchedSweet MagnoliasYoung Wallander Other Alice in BorderlandBarbariansThe Devil PunisherFalling Into YouThe Ghost BrideGood Morning, VerônicaInto the NightJamtara – Sabka Number AyegaLove & AnarchyMasaba MasabaMismatchedRagnarokSummertimeSweet HomeThe Victims' Game Non-fiction The CircleFloor Is LavaLove Is BlindToo Hot to Handle Animation BeastarsBlood of ZeusMighty Express Since 2021 Live-action English Jiva!Ginny & GeorgiaScaredy CatsSweet ToothThe Upshaws Other AlRawabi School for GirlsBombay BegumsD.P.Daughter from Another MotherGlóriaHellboundJaguarLife's a GlitchLight the NightLupinMore Than Blue: The SeriesSquid GameThe Snitch Cartel: OriginsTribes of EuropaYoung Royals Non-fiction Age of Samurai: Battle for JapanBake SquadBaking ImpossibleBuried by the BernardsFresh, Fried and CrispyHigh on the Hog: How African American Cuisine Transformed AmericaInsidersLove Is Blind: BrazilPretend It's a CitySchool of ChocolateSurviving DeathToo Hot to Handle: BrazilVoirWaffles + Mochi Animation ArcaneBaki HanmaGo, Dog. 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T The anticipation is building for season two of the wildly popular Netflix survival thriller Squid Game. The first series was so widely watched, in fact, that within its first month – November of 2021 – it became Netflix's most streamed show of all time, with 1.65 billion viewing hours, largely contributing to foreign-language film and TV gaining more mainstream status among English-speaking viewers. Netflix then released a reality game show spinoff, Squid Game: The Challenge, which was also extremely popular (and raised ethics questions). Now, to keep fans chomping at the bit for more, Netflix just dropped a 17-second teaser of the original Squid Game's second series. While it's hard to glean a great deal from a mere 17 seconds, here's how the clip unfolds. The winner of season one's Squid Game, Seong Gi-hun (played by Lee Jung-jae), the show's main protagonist, can be seen walking through what appears to be an airport and holding a mobile phone to his ear.  The voice on the other end of the line says: "You'll regret your decision." To this, Gi-hun replies, "I will find you." There's a pause, and then he adds: "No matter what it takes."   More like this: 10 of the best films to watch in February Argylle is a 'shoddy' and 'derivative' Bond pastiche Netflix's Griselda: Who's real and who is not? And that's it. The clip fades to black. If you have questions, you're not alone. First of all, who is talking on the phone? And what decision will Gi-hun regret? Some are speculating that characters who were killed off in Squid Game season one may return in season two after all (Credit: Netflix) Some are speculating that characters who were killed off in Squid Game season one may return in season two after all (Credit: Netflix) For those who need a recap of season one (which will contain spoilers), or who missed the global sensation altogether, Squid Game is a show about 456 cash-strapped players who accepted a recruiter's invitation to take part in a series of classic Korean children's games. The prize dangled before the players is a chance to win $4.56 million. But it soon becomes clear that the stakes are very high, as each challenge involves the risk of injury or death – and the game soon becomes bloody. By the end of the first season, however, Gi-hun emerges victorious. And that's not all: Before the season wraps up, Gi-hun decides he wants to thwart the Squid Game recruiter’s attempts to enlist more players for a future game. "At the end of season one, Gi-hun was going to go back home to reunite with his daughter, but then he sees a person recruiting for Squid Game and tries to foil them," says Sean Boelman, film and television critic at FandomWire. "He was supposed to get on a flight and go back home, but he turned around in the airport at the end of the final episode." And so here we are, back to the newly released 17-second teaser, which appears to pick right back up in the airport scene that closed out season one. So, what decision will Gi-hun regret, exactly? And who was on the phone issuing that threat? Netflix has confirmed that several popular characters from Squid Game season one will return for season two (Credit: Netflix) Netflix has confirmed that several popular characters from Squid Game season one will return for season two (Credit: Netflix) What's in store for series two – and will anyone be brought back from the dead? Boelman suggests the voice on the phone may have been that of season one's Front Man (Lee Byung-hun). And what decision will Gi-hun regret? Boelman believes that threat refers to Gi-hun's decision to try to thwart the Squid Game Recruiter's efforts to enlist more contestants and dismantle the Squid Game organization. "At the end of season one, the Front Man issues an ultimatum to Gi-hun, telling him to move on with his life and go back to his daughter," explains Boelman. "The comment we hear in the season two trailer – in which Gi-hun is told he will regret his decision — appears to continue that threat from Front Man." To that end, Boelman envisions a variety of potential season two plot lines unfolding involving Gi-hun. "Perhaps the conflict could involve the organizers of the games kidnapping Gi-hun’s loved ones to punish Gi-hun for trying to thwart their sadistic games," explains Boelman. "Maybe this could end with Gi-hun himself ending up back in the games – whether he is kidnapped by the organizers and forced to participate or secretly infiltrates the games to bring them down from within.” "The teaser makes it look like a classic revenge thriller in the vein of something like [the French action-thriller film directed by Pierre Morel] Taken," adds Boelman. He also believes season two may involve bringing back some of the characters from season two who appeared to have been killed off.  "My speculation is that some characters we saw die in the first season might not actually be dead," Boelman continues, adding that he expects Netflix will release at least a few more teasers before series two gets underway. The teaser makes it look like a classic revenge thriller. – film and television critic Sean Boelman For its part, Netflix has revealed some details about the forthcoming season, including that "the highly-anticipated second season will follow Gi-hun as he abandons his plans to go to the US and starts a chase with a motive". In addition, the entertainment giant has confirmed that several of season one's popular characters will indeed be back, including Lee Jung-jae, Lee Byung-hun, Wi Ha-joon, and Gong Yoo – all of whom will reprise their roles from the first season. Netflix however, has not confirmed when in 2024 series two will begin airing. Korean drama     Article     Talk     Read     Edit     View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Korean drama (Korean: 한국 드라마; RR: Han-guk deurama), also known as Koreanovela or K-drama, refers to Korean-language television shows made in South Korea. These shows began to be produced around the early 1960s, but were mostly consumed domestically until the rise of the Korean Wave in the 1990s. They have since achieved significant international popularity, with millions of viewers across the world. Beginning around the 1970s, more and more households in South Korea owned televisions. Programs were often produced on low budgets and were mostly consumed domestically. The industry significantly developed in the 1980s, after the spread of color television. Beginning in the early 1990s, several Korean dramas began achieving significant international popularity, primarily in China and Japan. In addition, South Korean popular music ("K-pop") and films began seeing similar successes, which gave rise to rapid international adoption of South Korean media in a phenomenon commonly called the Korean Wave. In the following decades, viewership spread throughout the globe, especially in the regions of Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa, and Eastern Europe. In 2008, the Korean drama Jumong achieved 85% viewership in Iran,[1] and in 2012, over 90% of Iraqi Kurdistan watched the show Hur Jun.[2] Rapid growth continued into the 2010s, with the rise in online streaming. Around this period, the video streaming company Netflix took interest in the phenomenon, and began releasing Korean dramas on its platform, as well as creating and funding ones. This culminated in the release of the 2021 Squid Game, which was watched by more than 142 million households in its first four weeks.[3] In 2022, Netflix reported that six in ten of its 221 million subscribers had watched a Korean program in the last year,[4][5] and in April 2023, it announced that it would invest US$2.5 billion in the industry.[6] The success of Korean dramas has had a significant economic impact on the country. In 2022, US$561.3 million of Korean television content was sold abroad, which was a 29.6% increase from the previous year.[7] The industry also employs tens of thousands of people,[8] although its strenuous working conditions have been criticized.[9] Korean dramas have also been cited as a motivation for tourists to visit the country. Format Yongin Daejanggeum Park, a filming site where historical dramas for Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation are produced A single director usually leads Korean dramas, which are often written by a single screenwriter. This often leads to each drama having distinct directing and dialogue styles. This differs from American television series, which can rely on multiple directors and writers working together.[10] The 19:00 to 21:00 evening time slots have usually been reserved for daily dramas, which run every night from Monday through Friday. Dramas in these slots are in the telenovela format, rarely running over 150 episodes. Unlike American soap operas, these daily dramas are not broadcast during the daytime. Instead, the daytime schedule often includes reruns of the flagship dramas. The nighttime dailies can achieve very high ratings. During the late 2000s, for example, the weekend series First Wives' Club recorded 41.3%, according to TNS Korea,[11] and the evening series Temptation of Wife peaked at 40.6%, according to TNS Korea.[12] Plots and storylines K-dramas have a multitude of different genre such as action dramas, historical dramas, school dramas, medical dramas, legal dramas, or even horror comedies. While most dramas contain romantic elements and deep emotional themes, some may also contain a tragedy or slice of life theme. There are various styles and tones.[13] The main themes of Korean television dramas are friendship, family values, and love, blending traditional Confucian with Western materialism and individualism.[14] However, it is an emerging trend amongst Korean dramas to showcase ongoing societal issues of Korean society, such as stigma of mental illness,[15] gender inequality, suicide, classism, bullying, spy cameras, corruption, homophobia, or racism.[16] Historical Main article: Sageuk The term sageuk refers to any Korean television or film drama that is either based on historical figures, incorporates historical events, or uses a historical backdrop. While sageuk directly translates to "historical drama", the term is typically reserved for dramas taking place throughout the course of Korean history.[17] Since the mid-2000s, some sageuk dramas have achieved major success outside of Korea, in places such as the Asia-Pacific, Central Asia, Greater Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America.[18] Sageuks including Dae Jang Geum (Jewel in the Palace), Yi San (Lee San, Wind of the palace) and Jumong enjoyed strong ratings in countries such as Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Fiji and Iran. Jumong, which aired on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting) in 2008, had 85% viewership.[1] Romance Often centered on a love story, series set in contemporary times often focus on family ties and romantic relationships. Characters are mostly idealized with Korean male protagonists described as handsome, intelligent, rich, and in search of "one true love". This has also been a contributing factor to the popularity of Korean dramas among women.[10][19][20][21] History Early years Radio broadcasting, including the broadcasting of radio dramas in Korea, began in 1927 under Japanese rule, with most programming in Japanese and around 30% in Korean.[22] After the Korean War, radio dramas such as Cheongsilhongsil (1954) reflected the country's mood.[23] Television broadcasting began in 1956 with the launch of an experimental station, HLKZ-TV, which was shut down a few years later due to a fire. The first national television channel was Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), which started up in 1961.[24] The first Korean television film was a 15-minute piece titled The Gate of Heaven (천국의 문, Cheongugui mun), on HLKZ-TV.[25] The first television series was aired by KBS in 1962. Their commercial competitor, Tongyang Broadcasting (TBC), had a more aggressive program policy and aired controversial dramas as well.[26] The first historical TV series aired was Gukto manri (국토만리), directed by Kim Jae-hyeong (김재형), depicting the Goryeo era.[27][28] In the 1960s, television sets were of limited availability, thus dramas could not reach a larger audience.[29] In the 1970s, television sets started to spread among the general population, and dramas switched from portraying dramatic historical figures to introducing national heroes like Yi Sun-shin or Sejong the Great.[29] Contemporary series dealt with personal sufferings, such as Kim Soo-hyun's influential Stepmother (새엄마, Saeeomma), aired by MBC in 1972 and 1973.[30] As technology and funding was limited, Korean channels could not make series in resource-heavy genres like action and science fiction; American and other foreign series were imported instead.[31] 1980s–2010s Chae Shi-ra, the leading actress of Eyes of Dawn (1991) Actress Lee Young-ae played the titular Dae Jang Geum in the series of the same name. The 1980s saw a change in Korean television, as color TV became available. Modern dramas tried to evoke nostalgia from urban dwellers by depicting rural life. Kim Soo-hyun's first real commercial success, Love and Ambition (사랑과 야망, Saranggwa yamang), aired on MBC[32] in 1987 and is regarded as a milestone of Korean television,[33] having recorded a 78% viewership. "Streets became quiet at around the airing time of the drama as 'practically everyone in the country' was at home in front of the TV", according to The Korea Times.[23] The most outstanding classical historical series of the era is considered to be 500 Years of Joseon (조선왕조500년, Joseonwangjo 500 nyeon), a serial that ran for eight years, consisting of 11 separate series. The serial was produced by Lee Byung-hoon, who later directed one of the biggest international successes of Korean drama, Dae Jang Geum (2003–04), which was sold in 150 countries.[34][27][29][33] The 1990s brought another important milestone for Korean television. As technology developed, new opportunities arose, and the beginning of the decade marked the launch of a new commercial channel; Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS), which facilitated and re-initiated a race for catching viewers' attention.[35] The first real commercial success among Korean television series was Eyes of Dawn (여명의 눈동자, Yeomyeongui nundongja), aired in 1991 by MBC, starring Chae Shi-ra and Choi Jae-sung. The series led the viewers through turbulent times from the Japanese rule to the Korean War.[35] The 1992 MBC miniseries Jealousy starring Choi Jin-sil and Choi Soo-jong is considered the first "trendy drama", marking a breakthrough in filming techniques and the beginning of the romantic comedy genre in Korean dramas.[36][37] The series depicted the lifestyles of young people of the era and is one of the first dramas to air in China, along with Eyes of Dawn.[37][38] New channel SBS also produced successful series, one of them being Sandglass in 1995. Sandglass was another trendy drama, which the Korean Culture and Information Service considers an important milestone, having changed the way Korean dramas are made by introducing a new format.[35] In this decade, the new miniseries format became widespread, with 12 to 24 episodes.[39] The term Hallyu (Korean: 한류) which comes from Mandarin 韓流, (Pinyin: hán liú) was coined in the late 1990s after the success of Star in My Heart in China, and its popularity elevated the main cast to Hallyu stardom.[40][41] This era marked the start of export for Korean dramas, setting off the Korean Wave.[citation needed] The beginning years of the 2000s gave birth to famous Korean dramas and also marked the period of overseas distribution. Some popular ones are Full House, Autumn in My Heart and Winter Sonata. It marks the birth of a new genre, called "fusion sageuk", essentially changing the ways to produce historical series, with successful pieces such as Hur Jun, Damo and Dae Jang Geum.[27] It started to take over the popularity of conventional dramas among 10s and 20s because the shorter runtime, and often feature trendy content which teenagers find it easy to sympathize with.[42] 2020s The late 2010s and 2020s saw newfound attention of K-dramas from international markets.[43] Netflix had begun seeking productions from South Korea and other countries since around 2018 to expand offerings for their service with a growing international audience. These efforts came to fruition when Hwang Dong-hyuk's Squid Game drew in more than 111 million viewers within 17 days of its released in September 2021, becoming the service's most-watched program.[43] In the 2020s, several production companies began to produce dramas even before the first season was aired, keeping in mind the season system. The most representative series is The Penthouse: War in Life series, which gained sensational popularity as it aired over three seasons. The biggest reason why Korean dramas introduced the season system is interpreted as changes in the industry due to the 52-hour workweek, viewers' rejection of feature-length dramas, and excessive supply of dramas.[44] At the same time, MBC and tvN's anomalous organization began to be criticized a lot. tvN extended one episode of the drama to 2 hours and 20 minutes. delaying it to the late night of another drama. In particular, the running time of the last episode of Hospital Playlist was close to three hours, but even though it was reduced after editing, it delayed the formation of the next The Road: The Tragedy of One to late night as it passed two hours.[45] And MBC canceled telenovela The Second Husband and reran the thriller The Veil at that time.[46][47][48][49] Production See also: Category:Television production companies of South Korea Korean series were originally produced in-house by the television channels themselves, but have been outsourced to independent companies since the 2000s. In 2012, as much as 75% of all K-dramas were produced this way. Competition is fierce among these companies; out of 156 registered firms, only 34 of them produced dramas that were actually aired in 2012.[50] In the late 2010s, a typical Korean drama may cost as much as ₩700 million per episode. Historical dramas have a bigger budget; one episode of the historical romance The Red Sleeve cost as much as ₩950 million.[51] Recently, factors such as improving the work environment, along with whether to sign contracts with domestic and foreign OTT companies such as Netflix have served as variables. For example, Kingdom had a budget of ₩2 billion per episode, while ₩3 billion were spent on each episode of Sweet Home.[50][52][53][54][unreliable source?] Often, production companies overrun their budgets and cannot pay salaries. In 2012, actors held a demonstration in front of the headquarters of KBS, expressing their concerns. Actors are usually paid after the last episode is aired. In series made by smaller production companies, there have been cases where the companies went bankrupt and could not pay their actors and crew, while the channel denied all responsibility, claiming all liability was with the bankrupt production firm.[55] Producer Kim Jong-hak spent ₩10 billion on Faith, which was considered a commercial failure, resulting in the inability of Kim to pay crew salaries and other overheads. Kim, who had produced iconic dramas such as Eyes of Dawn and Sandglass, committed suicide after he was accused of embezzlement.[56][57] The biggest stars may earn more than ₩200 million per episode, with Kim Soo-hyun, the lead of hit dramas Moon Embracing the Sun (2012), My Love from the Star (2013) and It's Okay to Not Be Okay (2020) reportedly receiving ₩500 million per episode for One Ordinary Day in 2021.[58] Filmmaking process Song Joong-ki of Descendants of the Sun and Vincenzo is considered a top star. Kim Soo-hyun in costume for the historical series Moon Embracing the Sun. He is one of the most popular Korean actors.[59][60] As producing a series involves high expenses, production companies seek to shoot the episodes in the shortest time possible. In contrast to practices elsewhere, the first four episodes of Korean series are usually shot in advance, but the rest are shot continuously as the series is being aired. Scripts are not finished in advance, and may change according to viewer feedback and viewership ratings, where popular characters receive increased screen time and plotlines are changed to match audience expectations.[9] These changes may occur a few hours before daily shooting, and the crew might receive only a few ready pages. The production usually works with three camera crews, who work in a rotating manner to speed up filming. Because of unregulated script changes and tight shooting schedules, actors are almost continuously on standby, and have no time to leave the set or sleep properly. The Korean media have a separate word to describe irregular, short sleeps that actors resort to, in often uncomfortable positions, or within the set: jjok-jam (쪽잠), or "side-sleeping". Dramas usually air on two days every week, with following episodes having to be shot within the intervening five days. Some Korean actors have admitted to receiving IV therapy during filming, due to extreme schedules and exhaustion.[55][61][62][unreliable source?] Nonetheless, the live-shoot model remains widely used since the production team can react to real time audience feedback.[9] Production teams originally sent two tapes to the channels; a primary copy and a backup copy. However, due to the tight filming schedules, a 70-minute episode might arrive at the broadcasting station on seven separate tapes in ten-minute installments. It happened that while the episode is being broadcast, the crew would be still shooting the last minutes or cutting the rest of the episode. During the airing of the nineteenth episode of Man from the Equator, screens countrywide went black for 10 minutes. Actor Kwon Sang-woo was openly complaining that he was still shooting King of Ambition 30 minutes before the last episode began airing.[55] In South Korea, some production teams still do planning and scheduling manually, instead of using dedicated software.[63] In 2016, dramas such as Descendants of the Sun, Uncontrollably Fond, Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo and Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth were all pre-produced before airing. Nonetheless, some pre-produced episodes are often re-edited or even reshot the day of airing, due to audience feedback.[9] The larger broadcasting companies have their own dedicated shooting locations for historical dramas, with extensive and elaborate sets. MBC's series are shot at the Yongin Daejanggeum Park in Gyeonggi Province,[64] while KBS dramas utilize the Mungyeongsaejae Studio (문경새재 KBS촬영장) in North Gyeongsang Province[65] and their studio in Suwon.[66] In April 2023, it was announced Netflix would invest $2.5 billion in K-Dramas.[6] Crew Actors and actresses Further information: List of South Korean actresses and List of South Korean male actors Actress Kim So-hyun gained public attention as a child actress In the 2000s, it became customary to cast popular K-pop idols in dramas. Initially, this generated mixed reactions.[citation needed] Their appearance had provoked predominantly negative reactions outside their fandom because some idols' acting was not viewed as professional. Also, some idols were criticized for poor acting.[citation needed] Nowadays, this has become much more common feature in Korean dramas, as the public has been getting more used to the concept of "idol actors" and some idols have become known for their excellent acting skills.[67] Their critical reception is still mixed, however, some of them, like Bae Suzy, IU, Yim Si-wan, Seo In-guk, Ok Taec-yeon, Park Jin-young, Doh Kyung-soo and Im Yoon-ah, became successful as actors and actresses.[68][69][70] There were also instances of children taking up careers as child actors or actresses, usually portraying either the younger versions of some characters or the children of the adult characters from dramas.[citation needed] Subsequently, there were some child actors and actresses who continue pursuing acting careers even after reaching adulthood, and with some achieving success even after adulthood.[citation needed] Notably, such people include actors like Yoon Chan-young, Park Solomon, Yoo Seung-ho and Yeo Jin-goo; and actresses like Kim So-hyun, Lee Se-young, Nam Ji-hyun, Kim Hyang-gi, Moon Geun-young, Park Shin-hye, Kim Sae-ron and Kim Yoo-jung.[71] Scriptwriters and directors Scriptwriters and directors of Korean dramas are often as well known as actors are. An overwhelming majority of scriptwriters (90% according to the Beijing Metro Reader) are women, who not only write love stories but action series as well.[72] Compared to Korean cinema, television is more appealing for scriptwriters as contract conditions are better, acknowledgment is greater, and the salary is higher.[citation needed] Famous scriptwriters tend to have a say in their field.[73] The most well-known scriptwriters include the Hong sisters, who wrote popular series such as My Girl, You're Beautiful and My Girlfriend Is a Gumiho; Kim Soon-ok, the screenwriter of The Penthouse: War in Life, The Last Empress, Band of Sisters, Jang Bo-ri is Here! and Temptation of Wife; Kim Eun-sook, the screenwriter of Lovers in Paris, Secret Garden, The Heirs, Descendants of the Sun, Guardian: The Lonely and Great God, and The Glory; Lee Kyung-hee, famous for I'm Sorry, I Love You and The Innocent Man; male writer Choi Wan-kyu of Midas and Triangle; Noh Hee-kyung, the author of That Winter, the Wind Blows; and It's Okay, That's Love; and Park Ji-eun, who wrote My Husband Got a Family, My Love from the Star, The Producers, Legend of the Blue Sea and Crash Landing on You.[74] In particular, writer Kim Soon-ok is famous for captivating male viewers who did not watch dramas well.[75] In 2021, an article called "Kim Soon-ok, Kim Eun-sook, and Kim Eun-hee" was also published, referring to star writers.[76] Acknowledged TV directors include Lee Byung-hoon, who directed Hur Jun, Dae Jang Geum and Yi San;[27] Kim Jong-hak, the director of Eyes of Dawn, Sandglass, The Legend and Faith;,[77] Pyo Min-soo [ko], the director of Full House, Worlds Within and Iris II[78] and Jang Tae-yoo who directed War of Money, Painter of the Wind, Deep Rooted Tree , My Love from the Star and Hyena.[79] In recent years, director Jo Hyun-tak was also propelled to fame through his works Sky Castle, which became one of the highest rated dramas in Korean cable television history,[80] and Snowdrop, which, despite its alleged historical distortions, was ranked first among the most-watched series on Disney+ in Asian countries like Singapore and South Korea.[81] While scriptwriters are mostly women, directors are usually men.[82] Some female directors have risen to prominence, such as Lee Na-jeong (이나정), who directed The Innocent Man,[83] and Lee Yun-jeong (이윤정), whose most famous works are Coffee Prince and Heart to Heart. The latter director is also the first female television producer employed by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC).[84] Music Balladeer Baek Ji-young has been named "OST Queen" after providing the songs for several hit dramas such as Secret Garden (2010) and Love in the Moonlight (2016). Music plays an important role in Korean dramas. Original soundtracks, abbreviated OST's, are explicitly made for each series, and in contrast to American series, fans have a need to buy the soundtrack album of dramas. This trend started in the 1990s, when producers swapped purely instrumental soundtracks for songs performed by popular K-pop singers. Tom Larsen, director of YA Entertainment, a distributor of Korean TV series, thinks that Korean soundtracks are polished enough musically to be considered standalone hits.[85] During the 2000s, it became customary for lead actors to participate in original soundtracks, also partially due to the employment of K-pop stars as actors. Actor Lee Min-ho, and leader of boy band SS501, Kim Hyun-joong both recorded songs for Boys Over Flowers, while the actors of You're Beautiful formed a fictional band and held concerts, where they perform the soundtracks live.[86][unreliable source?][87][88] OST songs of popular K-dramas can also become hits on regular music charts, with good sales of both physical and digital albums. The chart performance of the OST songs usually co-relate to the popularity of the drama. Songs from the OST of Secret Garden for example, had high digital sales and high rankings on music charts.[89][unreliable source?] My Destiny, performed by Lyn for My Love from the Star, led music charts in Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and other Asian countries.[90] It also won the Best OST award at the 2014 Baeksang Arts Awards.[91][unreliable source?] The soundtrack album of You're Beautiful sold 57,000 physical copies.[92] Performers of OST songs for action series Iris held two concerts in Japan in front of an audience of 60,000 people.[93] Although the songs in Korean dramas may be a few or repetitive, their choosing process is not considered easy since they are made to convey emotions or scenes. Rocoberry, who composed the soundtrack for Guardian: The Lonely and Great God, created 12 different compositions before I Will Go to You Like the First Snow was chosen, and rewrote it seven times before it got the approval of the production team.[94] OST composers usually look for singers who have previously had success in the genre. Songs are written to reflect the mood of the series and their structure. Sometimes performers give their own songs for a series. For example, Baek Ji-young thought her song That Man, originally written for her own album, would fit Secret Garden. There are popular OST singers who are often employed, like Baek Ji-young, Lyn, and Lee Seung-cheol.[95][unreliable source?] Sometimes, foreign singers are invited to perform songs for Korean OST. For instance, Swedish artist Lasse Lindh sang several songs for series like Angel Eyes, Soul Mate, I Need Romance, and Guardian: The Lonely and Great God.[citation needed] Rating system Further information: Television content rating systems § South Korea The television rating system is regulated by the Korea Communications Commission, and was implemented in 2000. According to the system, programs, including Korean dramas, are rated according to the following principles (ratings irrelevant to dramas are omitted):[96]     Republic_Of_Korea_Broadcasting-TV_Rating_System(12).svg: programs that may be inappropriate for children under 12, such as mild violence, suggestive themes or language.     Republic_Of_Korea_Broadcasting-TV_Rating_System(15).svg: programs that may be inappropriate for children under 15. Most dramas and talk shows are rated this way. These programs may include moderate or strong adult themes, language, sexual inference, and violence.     Republic_Of_Korea_Broadcasting-TV_Rating_System(19).svg: programs intended for adults only. These programs might include adult themes, sexual situations, frequent use of strong language and disturbing scenes of violence. Reception This article may contain excessive or irrelevant examples. Please help improve the article by adding descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. (March 2022) This section may be too long and excessively detailed. Please consider summarizing the material. (March 2022) There is a tacit knowledge when it comes to the production of television series in South Korea that appeals to consumers in a unique way. "The working definition of tacit knowledge is the kind of knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it." (Ingyu, 2017) K-dramas have an especially large female presence that makes up their following and representation. The female fandom is specifically targeted, and tacit knowledge is applied most effectively in this area. The Korean actors show a wide range of emotions, and many adlib without prompting, even producing genuine tears without assistance. The acting of women in K-dramas appeals to women universally, showing the struggles that pertain only to women. Women in these television series often assume typically male-dominated professions, and they appeal to all women who want to bring down the image of traditional values and male-dominated communities. K-dramas are successful when women can break free of traditional roles and embrace freedom. The men in K-dramas have begun to present a more fluid nature of representation, which challenges the gender roles typically expected of men. Rather than focusing on being "macho" or "manly," men adopt more feminine and androgynous looks in order to cater to female fans. There is a great focus on the beauty techniques used, ranging from makeup all the way to cosmetic surgeries. The androgyny in K-drama, as well as K-pop, is a common phenomenon and draws the attention of women through global targeting. Princess Hours teddy bear exhibition at N Seoul Tower, 2012 According to a researcher at the University of Vienna, popularity of Korean dramas have their foundation in Confucian values they transmit, which Asian viewers can easily identify with. Respect for elders, filial piety, family-orientedness, and the display of perceived "Asian moral values" play an important role in Korean series.[97] YA Entertainment, the American distributor of Korean dramas, believes that part of the attractiveness of these series come from the quality of camera work, scenic locations, and spectacular costumes, which make the "final product very stylish and attractive, with arguably some of the highest TV production values in the world."[98] Korean series follow their own formula, are innovative and don't conform to Western television productions.[98] Stephan Lee from Entertainment Weekly called Korean dramas "fascinating and weirdly comforting".[99] Exports of Korean series yielded US$37.5 million in 2003, which was three times higher than the amount reached in 1999.[100] According to data from Korea Creative Content Agency, in 2013 K-dramas constituted 82% of the culture content export of South Korea, with an income of $167 million, which is four times more than a decade before.[63] A driving force behind the rising popularity is the intense involvement of fans. Because of the live-shooting production of K-dramas, Korean-speaking fans have the opportunity to participate in their creation[101]—a unique phenomenon in the mass media world. They can influence the content of later shows in the series through complaints and suggestions, which are frequently adopted by the production teams.[102] The global community of non-Korean-speaking fans, on the other hand, is more involved in the consumption aspects: Fans share their opinions through tweets and comments on newsgroups (for example, the Soompi discussion forum) as well as reviews and recaps on websites and blogs. However, the impact of their social media activity goes beyond the fan community. It spreads the word about the K-drama genre to social connections like acquaintances, friends and family (e.g. Facebook friends or followers on Twitter) and thereby generally raises its popularity. But it also has an effect on the creation of new dramas. It influences the popularity of certain dramas, leading to higher demand for those videos from streaming sites and additional income for broadcasters. When a substantial profit results, it raises not only the prestige of people involved in the production[103] but also provides feedback for production teams and indirectly influences future productions. International reception East Asia Won Bin gained wide popularity in 2000 after starring in the television drama Autumn in My Heart and has since gained critical acclaim for his performances in the films Taegukgi, Mother and The Man from Nowhere.[104][105][106][107] China In China, South Korean programs on Chinese government TV networks accounted for more than all other foreign programs combined in 2006.[108] Hong Kong has its own channel for airing Korean dramas, TVB J2, but ATV also airs Korean series in prime-time slots.[109] My Love from the Star received enthusiastic feedback from China. It was viewed 40 billion times on numerous Chinese video sites.[110] The drama also spurred interest about Korea, shown by China's increased consumption of Korean products such as Chi Maek (chicken and beer) and Korean cosmetics.[111] Due to the success of Korean dramas in China, some dramas have been compiled to create feature-length films by combining all episodes into one film. The prodigious popularity of Korean dramas in the country has, on some occasions, been caught in the crossfire over diplomatic issues between China and South Korea. Most notable being the THAAD deployment in South Korea which resulted in the blocking of Korean dramas on streaming services across the country in late February 2017.[112] Following the block, Chinese TV shows showcasing Chinese culture and other similar content replaced Korean content on TV networks' prime time schedules in the country.[113] In November 2017, the ban was lifted unannounced following the appearance of K-pop groups on national TV and the move to resume importation of Korean dramas by Chinese streaming services.[114] In China, apps like IQiyi, which is currently also available in Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and some other countries in multiple different subtitles, are available to stream and download Korean dramas for viewing. Japan The first Korean drama to gain widespread popularity in Japan was Winter Sonata, which was broadcast on the NHK satellite channel NHK BS2 in 2003. The program was aired twice in the same year due to high demand from viewers.[21] NHK also hosted a classical concert featuring Winter Sonata's tunes performed by Korean musicians.[21] Korean dramas boost tourism between Korea and Japan,[21] and is considered a possible way of improving strained relationships between the two countries, as series have become increasingly popular with Japanese viewers.[115][116] Conversely, the series Iris had several pivotal scenes shot in Akita, Japan, which led to an increase of Korean tourists in that part of Japan.[117][118] Mongolia In Mongolia, Korean dramas have become popular and are broadcast at prime time. Dae Jang Geum achieved success in the country and was broadcast five times due to this. Autumn in My Heart, Winter Sonata and Stairway to Heaven were other popular dramas. Popularity in Korean dramas has resulted in interest in the learning of the Korean language as well as Mongolians travelling to South Korea. It has also led to increased mutually cooperative relations between Mongolia and South Korea.[119] North Korea Watching films or TV dramas from South Korea is a serious offence in North Korea, punishable by execution,[120] but people still manage to acquire them on CDs, VHS Tapes, streaming services and DVDs.[121] In 2021, there was an article that young people who were watching the popular drama The Penthouse: War in Life were caught in Pyeongseong, Pyeongnam Province, and will have to serve more than 10 years. Later, the residents of Yanggang Province began to imitate the famous lines from the Penthouse series, and the residents were also unable to avoid punishment.[122][123] Taiwan In Taiwan, interest in Korean dramas began when Star in My Heart aired in 1999. Since then Korean dramas have become very popular and according to the South Korean mission 120 K-dramas had been broadcast in Taiwan in the first half of 2011.[124][125] Southeast Asia Brunei In recent times Korean dramas have experienced growing popularity in Brunei. The growing impact of Korean culture in Brunei led to the hosting of the ninth Korea Forum in the country at Universiti Brunei Darussalam in 2010. Korean television dramas, movies, music, and clothing have had a great impact on the people of Brunei.[126] Cambodia The first Korean drama to be broadcast in Cambodia was Winter Sonata; it was, however, Full House that launched the interest in Korean dramas and entertainment in the country. Following the success of Full House, more Korean dramas have been dubbed into the Khmer language. Korean dramas have become popular particularly amongst youth in Cambodia.[127] Indonesia In Indonesia, Korean dramas have gained popularity and the popular Korean dramas Winter Sonata and Endless Love were aired on Surya Citra Media in 2002. Some Korean dramas have also been remade into Indonesian versions such as Demi Cinta in 2005 which was a remake of the popular drama Autumn in My Heart and Cinta Sejati, a remake of Stairway to Heaven. RCTI and Indosiar are examples of Indonesian television networks that air Korean dramas in the early times, but later Trans TV airing some of popular Korean dramas until today.[128][129] Laos The popularity of Korean dramas and pop culture in Laos has led to many Laotian tourists travelling to South Korea. Korean pop culture has gained popularity in Laos through the Thai TV channels broadcasting Korean dramas and K-pop bands in the country.[130] Malaysia In Malaysia, Winter Sonata began airing on TV3 in 2003, which started an interest in Korean pop culture in the country. Dae Jang Geum and Autumn In My Heart were also aired in Malaysia. The popularity of Korean dramas have resulted in a positive reception of Korean expatriates in Malaysia.[131] Myanmar In Myanmar, the K-drama Autumn in My Heart was broadcast in the country in 2001, which led to interest in Korean entertainment. When Dae Jang Geum was on air, the drama sparked an interest in Korean cuisine in the country.[132] The rising popularity of Korean dramas and music in Myanmar has led to the Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange (KOFICE) distributing Korean dramas in the country for free.[133] Philippines In the Philippines, Korean dramas are politically popular on free-to-air television since 2003.[134] For more than two decades, GMA Network has the highest number of Korean dramas broadcast in the Philippines.[135] Filipino politician and SAGIP Party-list Representative Rodante Marcoleta complimented that Korean dramas have better stories and has a lot of choices: "they may not be so good at acting, but the flow of the story, especially their society is different so it will attract your interest, you get something to learn. They are able to show their culture, we see it ourselves and we say, we should adopt that too."[136] Singapore Actor Lee Min-ho achieved pan-Asia popularity with his hit dramas Boys Over Flowers (2009), The Heirs (2013) and The Legend of the Blue Sea (2016). In Singapore, Prime 12 (now known as Suria) originally aired the Korean drama Sandglass on a weekly basis in 1996 and aired Asphalt Man in 1997. Since 2001, they are shown on Chinese language channel MediaCorp Channel U daily.[137] The launch of KBS World, ONE TV ASIA, Oh!K, Channel M and streaming app, Viu in Singapore allows viewers to watch Korean dramas with a variety of subtitles in a matter of hours after the original South Korean telecast.[138] Currently, Singaporeans also get access to Korean dramas through China-originated online platform IQIYI, which first soft-launched its app in 2019 and planned to expand its international bases in Singapore.[139][140] Thailand When Dae Jang Geum was on air in Thailand, Korean food started gaining wide popularity.[141] Due to the lop-sided nature of entertainment exports favoring South Korea, the Thai government requested increased introduction of popular Thai films to South Korean media outlets. This led to the signing of an Agreement of Cultural Cooperation between the two countries in August 2004.[142] Vietnam Korean dramas have also gained popularity in Vietnam, particularly among women and young people. The fashion and hairstyles presented in Korean dramas have become very popular among the youth of the country.[143] South Asia Bangladesh Korean dramas have gained popularity in Bangladesh in recent years.[144] Their rising popularity in the country has led to the Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange (KOFICE), an organisation which aims to distribute Korean dramas for free to countries, cooperating with broadcasters to distribute Korean dramas for free in the country.[145] With the growing number of K-drama fans in Bangladesh, more and more Facebook groups are popping up, giving them a platform to share their love of the shows with fellow K-drama enthusiasts and take part in events and activities hosted by the groups. One of the largest Bangladeshi K-Drama groups, BD K-Family, arranges a yearly get together for its members. Other popular Facebook K-Drama groups include K-Drama Archive BD, Korean Lovers Bangladesh, and BD Korean Drama Fam- all of which create opportunities for both local and international fans to participate in discussions about their favourite shows.[146] Pakistan In Pakistan, Korean dramas have gained popularity after the broadcast of My Love from the Star, Empress Ki and The Heirs have been broadcast in dubbed on H Now entertainment. Whereas Pakistan Television Corporation aired Dae Jang Geum and Descendants of the Sun being aired in Filmazia. However during the pandemic Hallyu sparked and took Pakistan by storm, when the hit show Crash Landing on You, All of Us Are Dead and Squid Game took off. With the help of Korean Dramas and "K-pop" Pakistani youngsters are getting more familiar with them. Korean dramas are mostly watched by women and young Pakistanis. Korean dramas are unique enough to be endearing and familiar enough to be reassuring for the Pakistani viewers because of the similar storylines regarding family, romance, and comedic elements. Pak-Korea Culture Collaboration (PKCC) is a group of young Pakistanis living in Karachi who want to improve ties between both cultures. The youth have worked with the Korean embassy in Karachi on multiple occasions to host festivals and activities, and they have been incredibly successful in their aim.[147] Bhutan In the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, Korean dramas and entertainment have gained popularity particularly amongst youth. Prior to interest in Korean entertainment, Bollywood had largely been the most popular form of entertainment in the country. When the Bhutanese film industry launched in the mid-1990s, Bollywood was the only form of influence on the industry. However, in recent years Korean entertainment has made significant inroads in the country and influence the entertainment industry alongside Bollywood. Korean entertainment has managed to influence fashion, and many video shops now sell Korean dramas and movies alongside Bollywood films. The interest in Korean entertainment has also led to controversy with older generations voicing their concern that Korean entertainment will deteriorate Bhutanese culture and traditions.[148][149] India Hyun Bin has starred in Highest Rated K-Dramas in Korean Television history like My Lovely Samsoon, Secret Garden, Memories of the Alhambra and Crash Landing on You and is considered one of the most influential South Korean actor In India, after the late 1990s and around 2000 Korean dramas started becoming popular through piracy particularly in north-eastern states such as Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Mizoram and Nagaland as well as parts of eastern state like West Bengal and more recently in southern states like Kerala, Telangana, Tamil Nadu.[150][151] Hindi films and TV serials were banned in Manipur in 2000, as a result local television stations began broadcasting subtitled Korean dramas instead from Arirang TV and KBS World.[152][153] Many young people in north-eastern, eastern, northern and southern parts of India mimic the hairstyles, clothes of Korean actors while Korean fashion became very popular in the region.[154][155][156] As part of cultural exchange, public broadcaster Doordarshan telecast Emperor of the Sea and Dae Jang Geum.[157] Korean dramas are dubbed in Tamil on Puthuyugam TV such as Boys Over Flowers, My Love from Another Star, Playful Kiss and many more.[158] Full House and Hwang Jini started airing on Firangi channel in 2008. Reliance Big TV offered KBS World to its subscribers from 2009 on satellite television. Local fan clubs got help from Consul-General of South Korea while Korean Cultural Centre in India (KCCI) under South Korean embassy started mapping popularity of K-dramas.[159] As per KCCI, the motivation to understand Korean drama properly without subtitles is driving the uptake of Korean language classes among the youth with females outnumbering males.[160] DD Bharati broadcast period drama Hur Jun in 2014 that received highest viewer ratings of 34 million from January to October 2014. Online streaming platform ZEE5 launched Descendants of the Sun to test the Indian market from 8 February to 1 March 2017 and found overwhelming positive response for Korean content with viewership ran close to 56 million.[153] The telecast of Korean drama on Cable TV in 2017 stopped as Korean Broadcasting System Network wanted to raise syndication charges due to accumulation of large viewer-ship base in India that included pockets of Bihar, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh due to short 16 to 20 episodes format that are easier for binge-watching.[161][162] With increasing interest in Korean content among younger generation from tier-1 cities, Samsung through its My Galaxy mobile application is partnering with Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) in 2019 to bring exclusive content for 20 million Indian users.[163] With COVID-19 pandemic, Dish TV started premium K-dramas dubbed in Hindi and Tamil.[164] Korean dramas are also driving highest viewer-ship on Netflix with second season of TV series Kingdom attained the Top 10 series row as of March 2020. It's Okay to Not Be Okay is on Netflix Top 10 list in India for several weeks in August 2020 which has jumped to number 3 position. Netflix is increasing investment on Korean content to capture the Indian market.[165] Over-the-top media service (OTT) MX Player confirmed rising popularity and demand of Korean dramas among millennial population especially the women audience and is now making deals with South Korean television and radio network company Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) to bring more content in India. Korean dramas and films became most visited category for ShortsTV in India.[166] As per media experts, the relatable themes in Korean content is fast catching the imagination of general public of almost every age group that is going mainstream and driving highest viewing especially after 92nd Academy Awards winning movie Parasite due to the shared Asian cultural heritage and societal values.[167][168][169] As per Parrot Analytics report, K-drama series Crash Landing on You, is on demand 1.2 times than an average TV series that is 89.8% more than all drama titles shown in India forcing broadcasters to make extra slots as women are at the forefront of consumer demand in Korean content category.[170][171] The COVID-19 lockdown in India proved to be an inflection point in 2020–2021 when Korean drama moved from a niche sub-culture segment to mainstream due to services like Netflix, Rakuten Viki and YouTube. It penetrated to every age group and social background. The popularity of Korean drama forced many over-the-top media service in India such as MX Player, Viu and ZEE5 to bring the dubbed versions in local language that will help cater to large non English speaking audience.[172][173][174] Nepal Interest for Korean dramas in the Nepal began when Winter Sonata aired on Kantipur Television Network in the mid-2000s. This led to the popularity of other K-dramas such as Boys Over Flowers, Autumn In My Heart, You Are Beautiful and Full House to name a few. Popularity of Korean media products has also led to interest of learning the Korean language and has resulted in the emergence of Korean language tutorials that air on ABC Television in the country. Korean dramas have become popular among Nepali youth and markets are often frequented by teenagers looking to buy the latest dramas. The hairstyles and fashion of Korean actors have influenced the fashion sense of Nepali youth. Fascinated by the lifestyle and food of Korea, restaurants serving Korean cuisine have also been established in the country.[175][176] Sri Lanka In Sri Lanka, the Independent Television Network aired Full House in 2009 and it proved popular. Dae Jang Geum aired on Rupavahini in 2012 and was dubbed in Sinhala under the title Sujatha Diyani (සුජාත දියණී), meaning "The Pure, Valuable Daughter" and received a viewer rate of over 90%.[177] The Independent Television Network, Rupavahini, TV Derana, Sirasa TV, Swarnavahini and TV 1 air Korean dramas dubbed in the Sinhalese language.[178][unreliable source?][179] Streaming service, Iflix also streams many Korean dramas with English and Sinhalese subtitles in the country, some as early as 24 hours after their original Korean broadcast.[180] Additionally, the popularity of Korean pop culture in the country has led to an increasingly warm reception towards Korean people.[181] Middle East and North Africa Since the mid-2000s, Israel, Iran, Morocco and Egypt have become major consumers of Korean culture.[182][183][unreliable source?] Following the success of Korean dramas in the Middle East & North Africa, the Korean Overseas Information Service made Winter Sonata available with Arabic subtitles on several state-run Egyptian television networks. According to Youna Kim (2007), "The broadcast was part of the government's efforts to improve the image of South Korea in the Middle East, where there is little understanding and exposure towards Korean culture" (p. 31).[184] The New York Times reported that the intent behind this was to contribute towards positive relations between Arab & Berber audiences and South Korean soldiers stationed in northern Iraq.[185] MBC4 (Middle East Broadcasting Channel) played a major role in increasing the Korean wave's popularity in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa). This broadcasting channel hosted a series of Korean drama , paying for the Arabic subtitles or dubbed. starting 2012 such as Boys Over Flowers (أيام الزهور), You're Beautiful (أنت جميلة), Dream High (حلم الشباب ), Coffee Prince ( مقهى الأمير). Some Arab countries opposed Korean content (dramas, reality show) out of fear that their youth would abandon Islamic traditions in order to adopt Western modernity.[186] However, this did not stop the Korean industries from exporting more Korean Dramas to the Arab world in the following years such as The Heirs ( الورثة). The popularity of Korean dramas in the MENA region-and its continuous growth- originates from the content of these dramas. As the majority of the plots of Korean dramas focus on social issues (love between different social classes or family problems for instance),[187] the Arab audiences fit themselves and could relate to the Korean socio-cultural values as they seem appealing to them. So Korean dramas play the role of an equilibrium point where two, somehow, different cultures could create a new cultural space where these two different cultures could meet. LBC SAT and Rotana Drama (Rotana Group) played a major role in increasing the Korean wave's popularity in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa). This broadcasting channel hosted a series of Korean dramas, paying for the Arabic subtitles starting in 2022, such as When I Was the Most Beautiful,Extraordinary You, Find Me in Your Memory, Love in Sadness, The Red Sleeve, and My Secret Terrius. The Arab audiences fit themselves and could relate to the Korean socio-cultural values as they seem appealing to them. So Korean dramas play the role of an equilibrium point where two, somehow, different cultures could create a new cultural space where these two cultures could meet. Fear that the learning rituals embedded in the show would lead Kuwaiti youth to abandon their traditions wholesale in order to adopt Western morality wholesale. However, this did not stop the Korean industries from exporting more Korean dramas to the Arab world in the following years.[188][189][190] Iran Iran's state broadcaster, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), aired several Korean dramas during prime time slots in recent years, with this decision attributed by some to their Confucian values of respect for others, which are "closely aligned to Islamic culture",[191] while in contrast, Western productions often fail to satisfy the criteria set by Iran's Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.[192] In October 2012, the Tehran Times reported that IRIB representatives visited South Korea to visit filming locations in an effort to strengthen "cultural affinities" between the two countries and to seek avenues for further cooperation between KBS and IRIB.[193][194] According to Reuters, until recently audiences in Iran have had little choice in broadcast material and thus programs that are aired by IRIB often attain higher viewership ratings in Iran than in South Korea; for example, the most popular episodes of Jumong attracted over 90% of Iranian audience (compared to 40% in South Korea), propelling its lead actor Song Il-gook to superstar status in Iran.[195][unreliable source?] Iraq In the early 2000s, Korean dramas were aired for South Korean troops stationed in northern Iraq as part of coalition forces led by the United States during the Iraq War. With the end of the war and the subsequent withdrawal of South Korean military personnel from the country, efforts were made to expand availability of K-dramas to the ordinary citizens of Iraq.[2] In 2012, the Korean drama Hur Jun reportedly attained a viewership of over 90% in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.[2] Its lead actor Jun Kwang-ryul was invited by the federal government of Iraq to visit the city of Sulaymaniyah in Kurdistan, at the special request of the country's First Lady, Hero Ibrahim Ahmed. Egypt Autumn in My Heart, one of the earliest Korean dramas brought over to the Middle East, was made available for viewing after five months of "persistent negotiations" between the South Korean embassy and an Egyptian state-run broadcasting company. Shortly after the series ended, the embassy reported that it had received over 400 phone calls and love letters from fans from all over the country.[196] According to the secretary of the South Korean embassy in Cairo Lee Ki-seok, Korea's involvement in the Iraq War had significantly undermined its reputation among Egyptians, but the screening of Autumn in My Heart proved "extremely effective" in reversing negative attitudes.[197] Europe Romania The first Korean drama in Romania was aired on TVR in August 2009 with Dae Jang Geum, and in the following month it became the third most popular television program in the country.[198] Since then, Korean dramas have seen high ratings and further success.[198][199] North America United States The Asian American-targeted cable TV channels AZN Television and ImaginAsian aired Korean dramas alongside content from China, Japan, India, Thailand and other parts of Asia. The dramas were aimed at the Asian American community before the channels dissolved in 2008 and 2011 respectively.[200][201] In November 2008, Netflix[202] began offering several Korean dramas as part of its video selection. In August 2009, DramaFever began offering free subtitled video streaming service, with video advertisements, in the United States.[203][204] Singapore-based Viki streams popular Korean dramas across the world including North America, with subtitles in 70 languages.[205] Companies in Asia have also designed streaming services available online and as mobile apps targeted towards overseas Asian communities. "MobiTV" created by the Sri Lankan company, Bhasha is a streaming service and mobile app aimed at the Sri Lankan community and streams Korean dramas dubbed in the Sinhalese language alongside other content aired in Sri Lanka.[206] "Roopa", created by the same company, is another service available as a mobile app also aimed at the Sri Lankan community, it too streams Korean dramas dubbed in the Sinhalese language.[207] Chinese company PPTV is another example, a mobile app, "PPTV网络电视HD" streams Korean dramas aimed at the Chinese community alongside content that is primarily available in Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean but also increasingly in English.[208][209] Additionally, Korean dramas are available at online DVD retailers. Some Korean dramas, however, are not available for region 1 (North America) encoding and NTSC video format. Amazon offers streaming of Winter Sonata for a fee.[210] KBFD-DT in Honolulu, Hawaii broadcasts a majority of Korean dramas on its daily schedule, as well as offering the programs on sale at its website and on demand through its K-Life channel on Oceanic Time Warner Cable. Another Honolulu outlet, KHII-TV devotes three hours of its Sunday afternoon schedule to Korean dramas. KTSF, a channel aimed at the Asian American community in San Francisco, California airs Korean dramas as part of its schedule alongside content in Mandarin, Tagalog, Hindi, Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese, Taiwanese and Cantonese.[211] South America Between 2001 and 2002, South America began to absorb Korean programming. The 1997 series Star in My Heart began its successful broadcast in Chile, Peru and other countries in the area, but these last two were where More had repercussions, including an Ahn Jae-wook fan club founded.[212] In 2002, Winter Sonata, produced by KBS 2TV, became the first series in the region to match the success of Meteor Garden, attracting a cult following in Asia. Marketing sales, including DVD sets and novels, exceeded $3.5 million in Japan. In 2004, then-Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi noted that the series' male lead was "more popular than I am in Japan."[213] Other Korean dramas released in later years such as Jewel in the Palace (2003) and Full House (2004) had comparable levels of success.[214] Chile In Chile, which was one of the first countries on a global level, the phenomenon of Korean wave, which is also known as hallyu, began with the first drama aired that was the original 1997 MBC series Star in My Heart in 2001 by Chilevisión past midnight[215] and later years later in 2003 it was retransmitted by Canal 21 (Chillán) [es] in Chillán, but it was not until 2006, when Stairway to Heaven was broadcast at 1:00 pm on the public television channel Televisión Nacional de Chile, which achieved notoriety of this genre being compared to La madrastra—an old very successful Chilean soap opera—due to the high audience figures in its schedule competing directly with other channels, it was also broadcast by TV Chile to other continents dubbed into Spanish.[216][217] Ratings and viewership Viewership ratings are provided by two companies in South Korea: Nielsen Korea and TNmS.[218] Originally, Media Service Korea (MSK) was the sole company providing TV viewership ratings using people meter since 1992, but was only limited to Seoul Capital Area.[218][219] In 1998, TNS Media Korea began as a rival company in partnership with Taylor Nelson Sofres (TNS) which extended the service to five major cities; it was officially launched in June 1999 with a more sophisticated viewership rating survey technique.[218] While, in August 1999, AC Nielsen acquired MSK and rebranded it as AC Nielsen Korea and expanded the audience rating survey to the whole country with the aim to increase the credibility of the ratings.[218] In 2005, AC Nielsen Korea signed a merger with AGB Group and AGB Nielsen Media Research was established.[220] AGB Nielsen Media Research merged with KADD Nielsen Media Research in January 2013, and the official name was changed to Nielsen Korea.[218][221] In 2010, TNS Media Korea was renamed to TNmS (Total National Multimedia Statistics).[222][218] Since late 2018, TNmS stopped providing data to the public through their websites, and instead occasionally releases the ratings through news agencies such as BreakNews.[223] List of highest-rated series on terrestrial television See also: List of South Korean dramas The list was compiled from data by Nielsen Korea, based on the episode of the highest viewership since 1992.[224] By household rating     Top 50 series per nationwide household rating # Series Network Nationwide     household rating     (Nielsen) Final episode date Ref     1 You and I MBC 66.9% 26 April 1998 [225]     2 First Love KBS2 65.8% 20 April 1997 [226][227]     3 What Is Love [ko] MBC 64.9% 31 May 1992 [228][229]     4 Sandglass SBS 64.5% 16 February 1995     5 Hur Jun MBC 63.5% 27 June 2000 [230]     6 A Sunny Place of the Young [ko] KBS2 62.7% 12 November 1995 [231]     7 Sons and Daughters [ko] MBC 61.1% 9 May 1993 [226][227]     8 Taejo Wang Geon KBS1 60.2% 24 February 2002 [232]     9 Eyes of Dawn MBC 58.4% 6 February 1992 [233][234]     10 Dae Jang Geum 57.8% 23 March 2004 [232]     11 See and See Again [ko] 57.3% 2 April 1999 [235]     12 Truth [ko] 56.5% 24 February 2000     13 Lovers in Paris SBS 56.3% 15 August 2004 [236]     14 Jealousy MBC 56.1% 21 July 1992 [237][238]     15 Blowing of the Wind [ko] KBS2 55.8% 29 March 1996     16 Men of the Bath House [ko] 53.4% 1 September 1996 [231]     17 Gook Hee [ko] MBC 53.1% 16 November 1999 [239][240]     Trap of Youth [ko] SBS 15 April 1999 [239][240]     19 Tomato [ko] (토마토) 52.7% 10 June 1999     20 M [ko] MBC 52.2% 30 August 1994 [241][242]     21 Season of the Storm [ko] 52.1% 30 December 1993 [243][244]     22 Rustic Period SBS 51.8% 30 September 2003     23 My Mother's Sea [ko] MBC 51.6% 26 December 1993 [245][246]     24 Legend of Ambition [ko] KBS2 50.2% 25 October 1998 [227]     25 Ladies of the Palace [ko] SBS 49.9% 22 July 2002 [232]     26 My Son's Woman [ko] MBC 49.7% 13 April 1995 [247][248]     Jumong 6 March 2007 [249][232]     28 Tears of the Dragon KBS1 49.6% 31 May 1998 [232]     29 My Only One KBS2 49.4% 17 March 2019 [250]     30 Star in My Heart MBC 49.3% 29 April 1997 [251][252]     Bread, Love and Dreams KBS2 16 September 2010 [253]     32 My Lovely Sam Soon MBC 49.1% 21 July 2005 [254]     33 Ambition [ko] 49.0% 13 October 1994 [255]     34 The Moon of Seoul [ko] 48.7% 16 October 1994 [256][257]     35 The Last Match 48.6% 22 February 1994 [258][259][260][261]     36 All About Eve 48.3% 6 July 2000 [262][263]     Wang's Family KBS2 9 February 2014 [264]     38 How is Your Husband? [ko] SBS 48.2% 19 October 1993 [note 1]     39 Cinderella MBC 48.0% 13 July 1997 [269]     40 All In SBS 47.7% 3 April 2003     41 Seoyoung, My Daughter KBS2 47.6% 3 March 2013 [270]     42 Until We Can Love [ko] 47.1% 28 February 1997     43 My Rosy Life 47.0% 10 November 2005 [271]     44 Pilot [ko] MBC 46.2% 2 November 1993 [272]     45 Autumn in My Heart KBS2 46.1% 7 November 2000     46 Daughters of a Rich Family [ko] 45.9% 30 April 1995     47 My Husband Got a Family 45.3% 9 September 2012 [273]     48 Brilliant Legacy SBS 45.2% 26 July 2009 [274]     49 My Golden Life KBS2 45.1% 11 March 2018 [275]     50 Dear Heaven SBS 44.9% 2 July 2006 [276]     By viewers     Top 50 series per nationwide viewers (million) since 2018[note 2] # Series Network Nationwide viewers     number in million     (Nielsen) Final episode date Ref     1 My Only One KBS2 9.246 17 March 2019 [277]     2 My Golden Life 8.366 11 March 2018 [278]     3 Young Lady and Gentleman 6.956 27 March 2022 [279]     4 Once Again 6.893 13 September 2020 [280]     5 Marry Me Now 6.669 9 September 2018 [281]     6 Mother of Mine 6.247 22 September 2019 [282]     7 Homemade Love Story 6.145 7 March 2021 [283]     8 Revolutionary Sisters 5.823 18 September 2021 [284]     9 Beautiful Love, Wonderful Life 5.693 22 March 2020 [285]     10 The Penthouse: War in Life 2 SBS 5.601 2 April 2021 [286]     11 The Penthouse: War in Life 5.354 5 January 2021 [287]     12 It's Beautiful Now KBS2 5.300 18 September 2022 [288]     13 Dr. Romantic 2 SBS 5.210 25 February 2020 [289]     14 Three Bold Siblings KBS2 5.144 19 March 2023 [290]     15 When the Camellia Blooms 4.491 21 November 2019 [291]     16 The Real Has Come! 4.330 10 September 2023 [292]     17 The Fiery Priest SBS 4.325 20 April 2019 [293]     18 Money Flower MBC 4.085 3 February 2018 [294]     19 Taxi Driver 2 SBS 4.005 15 April 2023 [295]     20 Unasked Family KBS1 3.950 17 April 2020 [296]     21 Hot Stove League SBS 3.921 14 February 2020 [297]     22 Home for Summer KBS1 3.897 25 October 2019 [298]     23 Brilliant Heritage 3.852 9 October 2020 [299]     24 The Penthouse: War in Life 3 SBS 3.778 10 September 2021 [300]     25 Liver or Die KBS2 3.692 14 March 2019 [301]     26 The Red Sleeve MBC 3.668 1 January 2022 [302]     27 No Matter What KBS1 3.599 26 March 2021 [303]     28 Man in a Veil KBS2 3.502 10 February 2021 [304]     29 The Secret of My Love 3.480 9 February 2018 [305]     30 Sunny Again Tomorrow KBS1 3.478 2 November 2018 [306]     31 It's My Life 3.459 26 April 2019 [307]     32 Dr. Romantic 3 SBS 3.423 17 June 2023 [308]     33 Knight Flower MBC 3.395 17 February 2024 [309]     34 Bravo, My Life KBS1 3.382 30 September 2022 [310]     35 The Love in Your Eyes 3.377 24 March 2023 [311]     36 Love Returns 3.330 4 May 2018 [312]     37 The Last Empress SBS 3.282 21 February 2019 [313]     38 The All-Round Wife KBS1 3.245 8 April 2022 [314]     39 One the Woman SBS 3.235 6 November 2021 [315]     40 Taxi Driver 3.117 29 May 2021 [316]     41 A Pledge to God MBC 3.112 16 February 2019 [317]     42 Man in the Kitchen 3.082 18 March 2018 [318]     43 Gracious Revenge KBS2 3.080 27 March 2020 [319]     44 Red Shoes 3.074 10 December 2021 [320]     45 Gold Mask 2.998 7 October 2022 [321]     46 Be My Dream Family KBS1 2.951 1 October 2021 [322]     47 One Dollar Lawyer SBS 2.933 11 November 2022 [323]     48 Doctor Prisoner KBS2 2.832 15 May 2019 [324]     49 Vengeance of the Bride 2.820 9 March 2023 [325]     50 Return SBS 2.817 22 March 2018 [326] List of highest-rated series on cable television     The following dramas air on a cable channel/pay TV which normally has a relatively smaller audience compared to free-to-air TV/public broadcasters (KBS, SBS, MBC and EBS). By household rating     Top 50 series per nationwide household rating # Series Network Nationwide     household rating     (Nielsen) Final episode date Ref     1 The World of the Married JTBC 28.371% 16 May 2020 [327]     2 Reborn Rich 26.948% 25 December 2022 [328]     3 Sky Castle 23.779% 1 February 2019 [329]     4 Crash Landing on You tvN 21.683% 16 February 2020 [330]     5 Reply 1988 18.803% 16 January 2016 [331][332]     6 Guardian: The Lonely and Great God 18.680% 21 January 2017 [333]     7 Doctor Cha JTBC 18.546% 4 June 2023 [334]     8 Mr. Sunshine tvN 18.129% 30 September 2018 [335]     9 Extraordinary Attorney Woo ENA 17.534% 18 August 2022 [336]     10 Mr. Queen tvN 17.371% 14 February 2021 [337]     11 Crash Course in Romance 17.038% 5 March 2023 [338]     12 Under the Queen's Umbrella 16.852% 4 December 2022 [339]     13 Love (ft. Marriage and Divorce) 2 TV Chosun 16.582% 8 August 2021 [340]     14 Itaewon Class JTBC 16.548% 21 March 2020 [341]     15 Agency 16.044% 26 February 2023 [342]     16 Vincenzo tvN 14.636% 2 May 2021 [343]     17 Our Blues 14.597% 12 June 2022 [344]     18 100 Days My Prince 14.412% 30 October 2018 [345]     19 Hospital Playlist 14.142% 28 May 2020 [346]     20 Hospital Playlist 2 14.080% 16 September 2021 [347]     21 King the Land JTBC 13.789% 6 August 2023 [348]     22 Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha tvN 12.665% 17 October 2021 [349]     23 Signal 12.544% 12 March 2016 [350]     24 Welcome to Samdal-ri JTBC 12.399% 21 January 2024 [351]     25 The Lady in Dignity 12.065% 19 August 2017 [352][353]     26 The Good Bad Mother 12.032% 8 June 2023 [354]     27 Hotel del Luna tvN 12.001% 1 September 2019 [355]     28 Marry My Husband 11.951% 20 February 2024 [356]     29 Red Balloon TV Chosun 11.566% 26 February 2023 [357]     30 Twenty-Five Twenty-One tvN 11.513% 3 April 2022 [358]     31 Reply 1994 11.509% 28 December 2013 [359]     32 Prison Playbook 11.195% 18 January 2018 [360]     33 Little Women 11.105% 9 October 2022 [361]     34 The Uncanny Counter OCN 10.999% 24 January 2021 [362]     35 The Crowned Clown tvN 10.851% 4 March 2019 [363]     36 My Kids Give Me a Headache JTBC 10.715% 17 March 2013 [364][365]     37 Jirisan tvN 10.663% 12 December 2021 [366]     38 Mine 10.512% 27 June 2021 [367]     39 Strong Girl Nam-soon JTBC 10.420% 26 November 2023 [368]     40 Love (ft. Marriage and Divorce) 3 TV Chosun 10.395% 1 May 2022 [369]     41 Show Window: The Queen's House Channel A 10.335% 18 January 2022 [370]     42 Encounter tvN 10.329% 24 January 2019 [371]     43 Military Prosecutor Doberman 10.081% 26 April 2022 [372]     44 Memories of the Alhambra 10.025% 20 January 2019 [373]     45 Another Miss Oh 9.991% 28 June 2016 [374]     46 Bossam: Steal the Fate MBN 9.759% 4 July 2021 [375]     47 The Light in Your Eyes JTBC 9.731% 19 March 2019 [376]     48 Strong Girl Bong-soon 9.668% 15 April 2017 [377]     49 Love (ft. Marriage and Divorce) TV Chosun 9.656% 14 March 2021 [378]     50 Alchemy of Souls: Light and Shadow tvN 9.651% 8 January 2023 [379]     By viewers     Top 50 series per nationwide viewers (million) since 2018[note 2] # Series Network Nationwide viewers     number in million     (Nielsen) Final episode date Ref     1 Sky Castle JTBC 6.508 1 February 2019 [380]     2 Crash Landing on You tvN 6.337 16 February 2020 [381]     3 Reborn Rich JTBC 6.277 25 December 2022 [382]     4 The World of the Married 6.248 16 May 2020 [383]     5 Mr. Queen tvN 4.749 14 February 2021 [384]     6 Mr. Sunshine 4.631 30 September 2018 [385]     7 Extraordinary Attorney Woo ENA 4.449 18 August 2022 [386]     8 Itaewon Class JTBC 4.425 21 March 2020 [387]     9 Crash Course in Romance tvN 4.329 5 March 2023 [388]     10 Doctor Cha JTBC 4.088 4 June 2023 [389]     11 Under the Queen's Umbrella tvN 4.049 4 December 2022 [390]     12 Hospital Playlist 2 3.853 16 September 2021 [391]     13 Vincenzo 3.841 2 May 2021 [392]     14 Agency JTBC 3.685 26 February 2023 [393]     15 Hotel del Luna tvN 3.674 1 September 2019 [394]     16 Hospital Playlist 3.579 28 May 2020 [395]     17 Our Blues 3.419 12 June 2022 [396]     18 King the Land JTBC 3.404 6 August 2023 [397]     19 Love (ft. Marriage and Divorce) 2 TV Chosun 3.344 8 August 2021 [398]     20 100 Days My Prince tvN 3.264 30 October 2018 [399]     21 The Uncanny Counter OCN 3.257 24 January 2021 [400]     22 Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha tvN 3.237 17 October 2021 [401]     23 Prison Playbook 3.063 18 January 2018 [402]     24 Twenty-Five Twenty-One 3.047 3 April 2022 [403]     25 Welcome to Samdal-ri JTBC 2.965 21 January 2024 [404]     26 Marry My Husband tvN 2.938 20 February 2024 [405]     27 Memories of the Alhambra 2.853 20 January 2019 [406]     28 The Good Bad Mother JTBC 2.669 8 June 2023 [407]     29 Strong Girl Nam-soon 2.652 26 November 2023 [408]     30 Little Women tvN 2.618 9 October 2022 [409]     31 Jirisan 2.586 12 December 2021 [410]     32 Encounter 2.473 24 January 2019 [411]     33 Red Balloon TV Chosun 2.457 26 February 2023 [412]     34 The Crowned Clown tvN 2.447 4 March 2019 [413]     35 Mine 2.429 27 June 2021 [414]     36 Alchemy of Souls 2.410 28 August 2022 [415]     37 What's Wrong with Secretary Kim 2.383 26 July 2018 [416]     38 Behind Your Touch JTBC 2.328 1 October 2023 [417]     39 Military Prosecutor Doberman tvN 2.279 26 April 2022 [418]     40 Alchemy of Souls: Light and Shadow 2.267 8 January 2023 [419]     41 The Light in Your Eyes JTBC 2.223 19 March 2019 [420]     42 Tale of the Nine Tailed 1938 tvN 2.216 11 June 2023 [421]     43 Show Window: The Queen's House Channel A 2.195 18 January 2022 [422]     44 Stranger 2 tvN 2.186 4 October 2020 [423]     45 Arthdal Chronicles 2.120 22 September 2019 [424]     46 A Korean Odyssey 2.115 4 March 2018 [425]     Lawless Lawyer 1 July 2018 [426]     48 Castaway Diva 2.097 3 December 2023 [427]     49 Divorce Attorney Shin JTBC 2.073 9 April 2023 [428]     50 It's Okay to Not Be Okay tvN 2.065 9 August 2020 [429] See also     iconAsia portalflagSouth Korea portaliconTelevision portal     Chinese television drama     List of South Korean television series     History of Korean animation     Japanese television drama     Korean Wave     Manhwa     Mass media in South Korea     Philippine television drama     South Korean television dramas in the Philippines     Taiwanese television drama     Television in South Korea     Webtoon Footnotes As of 2010 it remained 38th in ranking,[265] as of January 2013, it remained 41st in ranking,[266][unreliable source?] as of May 2015, it remained around 40th in ranking,[267] as of June 2018, it remained 39th in ranking.[268][unreliable source?]     The number of viewers was released by Nielsen Korea starting January 2018. Bibliography     Chosun Ilbo (8 January 2007). "Korean Vs. U.S. Soaps". The Chosun Ilbo. Archived from the original on 9 January 2007. Retrieved 19 December 2011.     "Inconvenient truth of the Korean drama industry". The Dong-a Ilbo. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2014.     "Interview with senior actors about Korean dramas". The Dong-a Ilbo. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2014.     Iwabuchi, Koichi (2008). East Asian pop culture: analysing the Korean wave. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-892-3.     Jeon, Won Kyung (2013). The 'Korean Wave' and television drama exports, 1995–2005 (PDF). University of Glasgow.     Kim, Ju Young (2007). Rethinking Media Flow under Globalisation: Rising Korean Wave and Korean TV and Film Policy Since 1980s (Dissertation) (phd). Centre for Cultural Policy Studies, University of Warwick. Retrieved 5 December 2013.     Kim, Yang-hee (27 July 2013a). "TV producer's suicide causes troubled industry to reflect". The Hankyoreh. Retrieved 4 June 2014.     Kim, Yang-hee (4 April 2013b). "The unglamorous lives of Korean drama actors". The Hankyoreh. Retrieved 4 June 2014.     K-Drama: A New TV Genre with Global Appeal (pdf). Korean Culture and Information Service. 2011. ISBN 978-89-7375-167-9. Retrieved 2 June 2014.     Korea.net (12 March 2012). "Korea's fusion sageuk". Korea.net. Retrieved 19 January 2014.     Larsen, Tom (24 April 2008). "Whetting U.S. appetite for Korean TV dramas". The Korea Herald via Hancinema. Retrieved 16 January 2011.     Lee, Yong-cheol (24 January 2014). "The Secret of PERIOD DRAMA". KOFIC. Retrieved 2 June 2014.     Lee, Diana (2005). "Winter Sonata Drama fever". UNIORB. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2011.     Oh, Youjeong (2015). "The Interactive Nature of Korean TV Dramas: Flexible Texts, Discursive Consumption, and Social Media". In Lee, Sangjoon; Nornes, Abe Mark (eds.). Hallyu 2.0: The Korean Wave in the Age of Social Media. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-07252-1.     Robinson, Michael E. (1998). "16: Broadcasting in Korea, 1924–1937: Colonial Modernity and Cultural Hegemony". In Sharon A. Minichiello (ed.). Japan's Competing Modernities: Issues in Culture and Democracy, 1900–1930. University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2080-0.     Russell, Mark James (2012). Pop Goes Korea: Behind the Revolution in Movies, Music, and Internet Culture. Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 978-1-61172-542-1.     Shim, Doobo (2011). Waxing The Korean Wave (PDF). Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2012.     Sung, Sang-Yeon (4 February 2008). "The High Tide of the Korean Wave III: Why do Asian fans prefer Korean pop culture?". The Korea Herald. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2012.     Turnbull, James (17 March 2009). "What Defines a Korean Drama?". The Grand Narrative. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.     X (November 2009). "영원한 제국 (Eternal Empire) and Chungmuro's Love-Hate for History". Twitch Film. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.     X (14 May 2007). "Sageuk, Korea's 80 Year Long Love for History". Yumcha!. Retrieved 2 June 2014.     vte Television drama series By location     Arab world China Hong Kong India Japan Pakistan Philippines South Korea Taiwan Thailand Turkey Genres     Buddy Comedy-drama Economics Legal Period Police Politic Medical Sitcom         Animated sitcom Black sitcom Teen sitcom Soap opera Téléroman List by country     Hongkongese Japanese Pakistani South Korean Taiwanese         2000s 2010s 2020s Thai List by genre     Comedy-drama Medical drama Police drama Science fiction sitcom Serial Situation comedies Soap opera Teen drama Teen sitcoms Telenovela Format     Serial Procedural Miniseries Telenovela Related topics     Executive producer Showrunner     vte South Korea Television in South Korea Programs     Dramas         list List of South Korean television series (alphabetical) Years     1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024     vte Lists of television series by country Africa     Egypt South Africa Asia     China Hong Kong Japan Lebanon North Korea Pakistan Philippines South Korea Syria Taiwan Turkey Europe     Austria Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom         Wales North America     The Bahamas Belize Canada         in English in French Puerto Rico Oceania     Australia New Zealand South America     Brazil Colombia Categories:     Asian dramaSoap operasSouth Korean drama television seriesTelevision drama Netflix Article Talk Read View source View history Tools Page semi-protected From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the streaming service. For the company, see Netflix, Inc. For other uses, see Netflix (disambiguation). Netflix Logo for the Netflix service. Logo used since 2014 Screenshot Type of site OTT streaming platform Available in 45 languages List of languages Headquarters Los Gatos, California, U.S. Country of origin United States Area served Worldwide (except China, Crimea, North Korea, Russia, and Syria)[3][4] Industry Entertainmentmass media Products Streaming mediavideo on demanddigital distribution Services Film productionfilm distributiontelevision productiontelevision distribution Parent Netflix, Inc. URL netflix.com Edit this at Wikidata Commercial Yes Registration Required Users Increase 260.28 million (as of January 23, 2024)[5] Launched January 16, 2007; 17 years ago Current status Active ASN 2906 Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple languages.[6] Launched on January 16, 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD‑by‑mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 260.28 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of January 2024.[5][7] By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games via its flagship service. As of October 2023, Netflix is the 24th most-visited website in the world with 23.66% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 5.84% and Brazil at 5.64%.[8][9] History For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Netflix. Netflix logo history First logo, used from 1996 to 2000 Second logo, used from 2000 to 2001 Third logo, used from 2001 to 2014 Fourth and current logo, used since 2014 Launch as a mail-based rental business (1997–2006) Marc Randolph, co-founder of Netflix and the first CEO of the company Reed Hastings, co-founder and Executive Chairman Netflix was founded by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, was a co-founder of Pure Software, which was acquired by Rational Software that year for $750 million, the then biggest acquisition in Silicon Valley history.[10] Randolph had worked as a marketing director for Pure Software after Pure Atria acquired a company where Randolph worked. He was previously a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a computer mail-order company, as well as vice president of marketing for Borland.[11][12] Hastings and Randolph came up with the idea for Netflix while carpooling between their homes in Santa Cruz, California, and Pure Atria's headquarters in Sunnyvale.[13] Patty McCord, later head of human resources at Netflix, was also in the carpool group.[14] Randolph admired Amazon and wanted to find a large category of portable items to sell over the Internet using a similar model. Hastings and Randolph considered and rejected selling and renting VHS as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship.[11] When they heard about DVDs, first introduced in the United States in early 1997, they tested the concept of selling or renting DVDs by mail by mailing a compact disc to Hastings's house in Santa Cruz.[11] When the disc arrived intact, they decided to enter the $16 billion Home-video sales and rental industry.[11][13] Hastings is often quoted saying that he decided to start Netflix after being fined $40 at a Blockbuster store for being late to return a copy of Apollo 13.[13] Hastings invested $2.5 million into Netflix from the sale of Pure Atria.[15][13] Netflix launched as the first DVD rental and sales website with 30 employees and 925 titles available—nearly all DVDs published.[13][16][17] Randolph and Hastings met with Jeff Bezos, where Amazon offered to acquire Netflix for between $14 and $16 million. Fearing competition from Amazon, Randolph at first thought the offer was fair, but Hastings, who owned 70% of the company, turned it down on the plane ride home.[18][19] Initially, Netflix offered a per-rental model for each DVD but introduced a monthly subscription concept in September 1999.[20] The per-rental model was dropped by early 2000, allowing the company to focus on the business model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees, or per-title rental fees.[21] In September 2000, during the dot-com bubble, while Netflix was suffering losses, Hastings and Randolph offered to sell the company to Blockbuster for $50 million. John Antioco, CEO of Blockbuster, thought the offer was a joke and declined, saying, "The dot-com hysteria is completely overblown."[22][23] While Netflix experienced fast growth in early 2001, the continued effects of the dot-com bubble collapse and the September 11 attacks caused the company to hold off plans for its initial public offering (IPO) and to lay off one-third of its 120 employees.[24] Opened Netflix rental envelope containing a DVD copy of Coach Carter (2005) DVD players were a popular gift for holiday sales in late 2001, and demand for DVD subscription services were "growing like crazy", according to chief talent officer Patty McCord.[25] The company went public on May 29, 2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at US$15.00 per share.[26] In 2003, Netflix was issued a patent by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to cover its subscription rental service and several extensions.[27] Netflix posted its first profit in 2003, earning $6.5 million on revenues of $272 million; by 2004, profit had increased to $49 million on over $500 million in revenues.[28] In 2005, 35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day.[29] In 2004, Blockbuster introduced a DVD rental service, which not only allowed users to check out titles through online sites but allowed for them to return them at brick and-mortar stores.[30] By 2006, Blockbuster's service reached two million users, and while trailing Netflix's subscriber count, was drawing business away from Netflix. Netflix lowered fees in 2007.[28] While it was an urban legend that Netflix ultimately "killed" Blockbuster in the DVD rental market, Blockbuster's debt load and internal disagreements hurt the company.[30] On April 4, 2006, Netflix filed a patent infringement lawsuit in which it demanded a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that Blockbuster's online DVD rental subscription program violated two patents held by Netflix. The first cause of action alleged Blockbuster's infringement of copying the "dynamic queue" of DVDs available for each customer, Netflix's method of using the ranked preferences in the queue to send DVDs to subscribers, and Netflix's method permitting the queue to be updated and reordered.[31] The second cause of action alleged infringement of the subscription rental service as well as Netflix's methods of communication and delivery.[32] The companies settled their dispute on June 25, 2007; terms were not disclosed.[33][34][35][36] On October 1, 2006, Netflix announced the Netflix Prize, $1,000,000 to the first developer of a video-recommendation algorithm that could beat its existing algorithm Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%. On September 21, 2009, it awarded the $1,000,000 prize to team "BellKor's Pragmatic Chaos."[37] Cinematch, launched in 2000, is a recommendation system that recommended movies to its users, many of which they might not ever had heard of before.[38][39] Through its division Red Envelope Entertainment, Netflix licensed and distributed independent films such as Born into Brothels and Sherrybaby. In late 2006, Red Envelope Entertainment also expanded into producing original content with filmmakers such as John Waters.[40] Netflix closed Red Envelope Entertainment in 2008.[41][42] Transition to streaming services (2007–2012) In January 2007, the company launched a streaming media service, introducing video on demand via the Internet. However, at that time it only had 1,000 films available for streaming, compared to 70,000 available on DVD.[43] The company had for some time considered offering movies online, but it was only in the mid-2000s that data speeds and bandwidth costs had improved sufficiently to allow customers to download movies from the net. The original idea was a "Netflix box" that could download movies overnight, and be ready to watch the next day. By 2005, Netflix had acquired movie rights and designed the box and service. But after witnessing how popular streaming services such as YouTube were despite the lack of high-definition content, the concept of using a hardware device was scrapped and replaced with a streaming concept.[44] In February 2007, Netflix delivered its billionth DVD, a copy of Babel to a customer in Texas.[45][46] In April 2007, Netflix recruited ReplayTV founder Anthony Wood, to build a "Netflix Player" that would allow streaming content to be played directly on a television rather than a desktop or laptop.[47] Hastings eventually shut down the project to help encourage other hardware manufacturers to include built-in Netflix support, which would be spun off as the digital media player product Roku.[48][49][50] In January 2008, all rental-disc subscribers became entitled to unlimited streaming at no additional cost. This change came in a response to the introduction of Hulu and to Apple's new video-rental services.[51][52][page needed] In August 2008, the Netflix database was corrupted and the company was not able to ship DVDs to customers for 3 days, leading the company to move all its data to the Amazon Web Services cloud.[53] In November 2008, Netflix began offering subscribers rentals on Blu-ray and discontinued its sale of used DVDs.[54] In 2009, Netflix streams overtook DVD shipments.[55] On January 6, 2010, Netflix agreed with Warner Bros. to delay new release rentals to 28 days after the DVDs became available for sale, in an attempt to help studios sell physical copies, and similar deals involving Universal Pictures and 20th Century Fox were reached on April 9.[56][57][58] In July 2010, Netflix signed a deal to stream movies of Relativity Media.[59] In August 2010, Netflix reached a five-year deal worth nearly $1 billion to stream films from Paramount, Lionsgate and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The deal increased Netflix's annual spending fees, adding roughly $200 million per year. It spent $117 million in the first six months of 2010 on streaming, up from $31 million in 2009.[60] On September 22, 2010, Netflix launched in Canada, its first international market.[61][62] In November 2010, Netflix began offering a standalone streaming service separate from DVD rentals.[63] In 2010, Netflix acquired the rights to Breaking Bad, produced by Sony Pictures Television, after the show's third season, at a point where original broadcaster AMC had expressed the possibility of cancelling the show. Sony pushed Netflix to release Breaking Bad in time for the fourth season, which as a result, greatly expanded the show's audience on AMC due to new viewers binging on the Netflix past episodes, and doubling the viewership by the time of the fifth season. Breaking Bad is considered the first such show to have this "Netflix effect."[64] In January 2011, Netflix announced agreements with several manufacturers to include branded Netflix buttons on the remote controls of devices compatible with the service, such as Blu-ray players.[65] By May 2011, Netflix had become the largest source of Internet streaming traffic in North America, accounting for 30% of traffic during peak hours.[66][67][68][69] On July 12, 2011, Netflix announced that it would separate its existing subscription plans into two separate plans: one covering the streaming and the other DVD rental services.[70][71] The cost for streaming would be $7.99 per month, while DVD rental would start at the same price.[72] On September 11, 2011, Netflix expanded to countries in Latin America.[73][74][75] On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and restructure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary called Qwikster, separating DVD rental and streaming services.[76][77][78][79][80] On September 26, 2011, Netflix announced a content deal with DreamWorks Animation.[81] On October 10, 2011, Netflix announced that it would retain its DVD service under the name Netflix and that its streaming and DVD-rental plans would remain branded together, citing customer dissatisfaction with the split.[82][83] In October 2011. Netflix and The CW signed a multi-year output deal for its' television shows.[84] On January 4, 2012, Netflix started its expansion to Europe, launching in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[85] In February 2012, Netflix reached a multi-year agreement with The Weinstein Company.[86][87] In March 2012, Netflix acquired the domain name DVD.com.[88] By 2016, Netflix rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company.[89][90] In April 2012, Netflix filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to form a political action committee (PAC) called FLIXPAC.[91] Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers tweeted that the intent was to "engage on issues like net neutrality, bandwidth caps, UBB and VPPA".[92][93] In June 2012, Netflix signed a deal with Open Road Films.[94][95] On August 23, 2012, Netflix and The Weinstein Company signed a multi-year output deal for RADiUS-TWC films.[96][97] In September 2012, Epix signed a five-year streaming deal with Netflix. For the initial two years of this agreement, first-run and back-catalog content from Epix was exclusive to Netflix. Epix films came to Netflix 90 days after premiering on Epix.[98] These included films from Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Lionsgate.[99][100] On October 18, 2012, Netflix launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[101][102] On December 4, 2012, Netflix and Disney announced an exclusive multi-year agreement for first-run United States subscription television rights to Walt Disney Studios' animated and live-action films, with classics such as Dumbo, Alice in Wonderland and Pocahontas available immediately and others available on Netflix beginning in 2016.[103] Direct-to-video releases were made available in 2013.[104][105] On January 14, 2013, Netflix signed an agreement with Time Warner's Turner Broadcasting System and Warner Bros. Television to distribute Cartoon Network, Warner Bros. Animation, and Adult Swim content, as well as TNT's Dallas, beginning in March 2013. The rights to these programs were given to Netflix shortly after deals with Viacom to stream Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. Channel programs expired.[106] For cost reasons, Netflix stated that it would limit its expansion in 2013,[107] adding only one new market—the Netherlands—in September of that year. This expanded its availability to 40 territories.[108][109] Development of original programming and distribution expansion (2013–2017) This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (November 2021) In 2011, Netflix began its efforts into original content development. In March, it made a straight-to-series order from MRC for the political drama House of Cards, led by Kevin Spacey, outbidding other U.S. cable networks. This marked the first instance of a first-run television series being specifically commissioned by the service.[110] In November the same year, Netflix added two more significant productions to its roster: the comedy-drama Orange Is the New Black, adapted from Piper Kerman's memoir,[111] and a new season of the previously cancelled Fox sitcom Arrested Development.[112] Netflix acquired the U.S. rights to the Norwegian drama Lilyhammer after its television premiere on Norway's NRK1 on January 25, 2012. Notably departing from the traditional broadcast television model of weekly episode premieres, Netflix chose to release the entire first season on February 8 of the same year.[113][114] House of Cards was released by Netflix on February 1, 2013, marketed as the first "Netflix Original" production.[115] Later that month, Netflix announced an agreement with DreamWorks Animation to commission children's television series based on its properties, beginning with Turbo: F.A.S.T., a spin-off of its film Turbo.[116][117] Orange is the New Black would premiere in July 2013; Netflix stated that Orange is the New Black had been its most-watched original series so far, with all of them having "an audience comparable with successful shows on cable and broadcast TV."[118][119] On March 13, 2013, Netflix added a Facebook sharing feature, letting United States subscribers access "Watched by your friends" and "Friends' Favorites" by agreeing.[120] This was not legal until the Video Privacy Protection Act was modified in early 2013.[121] On August 1, 2013, Netflix reintroduced the "Profiles" feature that permits accounts to accommodate up to five user profiles.[122][123][124][125] In November 2013, Marvel Television and ABC Studios announced Netflix had ordered a slate of four television series based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. Each of the four series received an initial order of 13 episodes, and Netflix also ordered a Defenders miniseries that would tie them together. Daredevil and Jessica Jones premiered in 2015.[126][127][128] The Luke Cage series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by Iron Fist on March 17, 2017, and The Defenders on August 18, 2017.[129][130] Marvel owner Disney later entered into other content agreements with Netflix, including acquiring its animated Star Wars series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and a new sixth season.[131] In February 2014, Netflix began to enter into agreements with U.S. internet service providers, beginning with Comcast (whose customers had repeatedly complained of frequent buffering when streaming Netflix), in order to provide the service a direct connection to their networks.[132][133][134] In April 2014, Netflix signed Arrested Development creator Mitchell Hurwitz and his production firm The Hurwitz Company to a multi-year deal to create original projects for the service.[135] In May 2014, Netflix acquired streaming rights to films produced by Sony Pictures Animation.[136] It also quietly began to introduce an updated logo, with a flatter appearance and updated typography.[137] In September 2014, Netflix expanded into six new European markets, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland.[138] On September 10, 2014, Netflix participated in Internet Slowdown Day by deliberately slowing down its speed in support of net neutrality regulations in the United States.[139] In October 2014, Netflix announced a four-film deal with Adam Sandler and his Happy Madison Productions.[140] In April 2015, following the launch of Daredevil, Netflix director of content operations Tracy Wright announced that Netflix had added support for audio description (a narration track with aural descriptions of key visual elements for the blind or visually impaired), and had begun to work with its partners to add descriptions to its other original series over time.[141][142] The following year, as part of a settlement with the American Council of the Blind, Netflix agreed to provide descriptions for its original series within 30 days of their premiere, and add screen reader support and the ability to browse content by availability of descriptions.[143] In March 2015, Netflix expanded to Australia and New Zealand.[144][145] In September 2015, Netflix launched in Japan, its first country in Asia.[146][147][148] In October 2015, Netflix launched in Italy, Portugal, and Spain.[149] In January 2016, at the Consumer Electronics Show, Netflix announced a major international expansion of its service into 130 additional countries. It then had become available worldwide except China, Syria, North Korea, Kosovo and Crimea.[150] In May 2016, Netflix created a tool called Fast.com to determine the speed of an Internet connection.[151] It received praise for being "simple" and "easy to use", and does not include online advertising, unlike competitors.[152][153][154] On November 30, 2016, Netflix launched an offline playback feature, allowing users of the Netflix mobile apps on Android or iOS to cache content on their devices in standard or high quality for viewing offline, without an Internet connection.[155][156][157][158] In 2016, Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films, more than any other network or cable channel.[159] In April 2016, Hastings stated that the company planned to expand its in-house, Los Angeles-based Netflix Studios to grow its output; Hastings ruled out any potential acquisitions of existing studios, stating that "It's been 15 years we've been public and 20 years existing, and we've done no [mergers and acquisitions]. So I think that probably speaks for itself."[160] In February 2017, Netflix signed a music publishing deal with BMG Rights Management, whereby BMG will oversee rights outside of the United States for music associated with Netflix original content. Netflix continues to handle these tasks in-house in the United States.[161] On April 25, 2017, Netflix signed a licensing deal with IQiyi, a Chinese video streaming platform owned by Baidu, to allow selected Netflix original content to be distributed in China on the platform.[162][163] On August 7, 2017, Netflix acquired Millarworld, the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer Mark Millar. The purchase marked the first corporate acquisition to have been made by Netflix.[164] On August 14, 2017, Netflix entered into an exclusive development deal with Shonda Rhimes and her production company Shondaland.[165] In September 2017, Netflix announced it would offer its low-broadband mobile technology to airlines to provide better in-flight Wi-Fi so that passengers can watch movies on Netflix while on planes.[166] In September 2017, Minister of Heritage Mélanie Joly announced that Netflix had agreed to make a CA$500 million (US$400 million) investment over the next five years in producing content in Canada. The company denied that the deal was intended to result in a tax break.[167][168] Netflix realized this goal by December 2018.[169] In October 2017, Netflix iterated a goal of having half of its library consist of original content by 2019, announcing a plan to invest $8 billion on original content in 2018. There will be a particular focus on films and anime through this investment, with a plan to produce 80 original films and 30 anime series.[170] In October 2017, Netflix introduced the "Skip Intro" feature which allows customers to skip the intros to shows on its platform through a variety of techniques including manual reviewing, audio tagging, and machine learning.[171][172] In November 2017, Netflix signed an exclusive multi-year deal with Orange Is the New Black creator Jenji Kohan.[173] In November 2017, Netflix withdrew from co-hosting a party at the 75th Golden Globe Awards with The Weinstein Company due to the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases.[174] Expansion into international productions and new productions (2017–2020) See also: International expansion of Netflix Icon used since 2016 Netflix advertising at Thong Lo BTS station, Bangkok Netflix's booth at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con Audio logo Duration: 5 seconds.0:05 Netflix's audio logo, adopted in 2019 Problems playing this file? See media help. In November 2017, Netflix announced that it would be making its first original Colombian series, to be executive produced by Ciro Guerra.[175] In December 2017, Netflix signed Stranger Things director-producer Shawn Levy and his production company 21 Laps Entertainment to what sources say is a four-year deal.[176] In 2017, Netflix invested in distributing exclusive stand-up comedy specials from Dave Chappelle, Louis C.K., Chris Rock, Jim Gaffigan, Bill Burr and Jerry Seinfeld.[177] In February 2018, Netflix acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox from Paramount Pictures for $50 million and launched on its service on February 4, 2018, shortly after airing its first trailer during Super Bowl LII. Analysts believed that Netflix's purchase of the film helped to make the film instantly profitable for Paramount compared to a more traditional theatrical release, while Netflix benefited from the surprise reveal.[178][179] Other films acquired by Netflix include international distribution for Paramount's Annihilation[179] and Universal's News of the World and worldwide distribution of Universal's Extinction,[180] Warner Bros.' Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle,[181] Paramount's The Lovebirds[182] and 20th Century Studios' The Woman in the Window.[183] In March, the service ordered Formula 1: Drive to Survive, a racing docuseries following teams in the Formula One world championship.[184] In March 2018, Sky UK announced an agreement with Netflix to integrate Netflix's subscription VOD offering into its pay-TV service. Customers with its high-end Sky Q set-top box and service will be able to see Netflix titles alongside their regular Sky channels.[185] In October 2022, Netflix revealed that its annual revenue from the UK subscribers in 2021 was £1.4bn.[186] In April 2018, Netflix pulled out of the Cannes Film Festival, in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of Okja in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed the Netflix production logo at the screening. Netflix's attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French cultural exception law—where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release.[187][188][189] Besides traditional Hollywood markets as well as from partners like the BBC, Sarandos said the company also looking to expand investments in non-traditional foreign markets due to the growth of viewers outside of North America. At the time, this included programs such as Dark from Germany, Ingobernable from Mexico and 3% from Brazil.[190][191][192] On May 22, 2018, former president, Barack Obama, and his wife, Michelle Obama, signed a deal to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas' newly formed production company, Higher Ground Productions.[193][194] In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format, allowing simple controls through a television remote.[195][196] The first game, Minecraft: Story Mode, was released in November 2018.[197] In July 2018, Netflix earned the most Emmy nominations of any network for the first time with 112 nods. On August 27, 2018, the company signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best–selling author Harlan Coben.[198] On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch.[199] In October 2018, Netflix paid under $30 million to acquire Albuquerque Studios (ABQ Studios), a $91 million film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America.[200][201] In November 2018, Paramount Pictures signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix.[202] A sequel to AwesomenessTV's To All the Boys I've Loved Before was released on Netflix under the title To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You as part of the agreement.[203] In December 2018, the company announced a partnership with ESPN Films on a television documentary chronicling Michael Jordan and the 1997–98 Chicago Bulls season titled The Last Dance. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on ESPN.[204][205] In January 2019, Sex Education made its debut as a Netflix original series, receiving much critical acclaim.[206] On January 22, 2019, Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), making it the first streaming service to join the association.[207] In February 2019, The Haunting creator Mike Flanagan joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in Intrepid Pictures and the duo signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content.[208] On May 9, 2019, Netflix contracted with Dark Horse Entertainment to make television series and films based on comics from Dark Horse Comics.[209] In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at Shepperton Studios as part of a deal with Pinewood Group.[210] In early-August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with Game of Thrones creators and showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss.[211][212][213][214][215] The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss was planned as an adaptation of Liu Cixin's science fiction novel The Three-Body Problem, part of the Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy.[216] On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing Stranger Things for a fourth season, Netflix signed The Duffer Brothers to an overall deal covering future film and television projects for the service.[217] On November 13, 2019, Netflix and Nickelodeon entered into a multi-year agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon's library of characters. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series Invader Zim and Rocko's Modern Life (Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus and Rocko's Modern Life: Static Cling respectively) were released by Netflix. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring Squidward Tentacles from the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, and films based on The Loud House and Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[218][219][220] The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of Disney+, with its Marvel productions moving exclusively to the service in 2022.[221][222] In November 2019, Netflix announced that it had signed a long-term lease to save the Paris Theatre, the last single-screen movie theater in Manhattan. The company oversaw several renovations at the theater, including new seats and a concession stand.[223][224][225] Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020 In January 2020, Netflix announced a new four-film deal with Adam Sandler worth up to $275 million.[226] On February 25, 2020, Netflix formed partnerships with six Japanese creators to produce an original Japanese anime project. This partnership includes manga creator group CLAMP, mangaka Shin Kibayashi, mangaka Yasuo Ohtagaki, novelist and film director Otsuichi, novelist Tow Ubutaka, and manga creator Mari Yamazaki.[227] On March 4, 2020, ViacomCBS announced that it will be producing two spin-off films based on SpongeBob SquarePants for Netflix.[228] On April 7, 2020, Peter Chernin's Chernin Entertainment made a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix to make films.[229] On May 29, 2020, Netflix announced the acquisition of Grauman's Egyptian Theatre from the American Cinematheque to use as a special events venue.[230][231][232] In July 2020, Netflix appointed Sarandos as co-CEO.[233][234] In July 2020, Netflix invested in Black Mirror creators Charlie Brooker and Annabel Jones' new production outfit Broke And Bones.[235] In September 2020, Netflix signed a multi-million dollar deal with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Harry and Meghan agreed to a multi-year deal promising to create TV shows, films, and children's content as part of their commitment to stepping away from the duties of the royal family.[236][237] In September 2020, Hastings released a book about Netflix culture titled No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention, which was coauthored by Erin Meyer.[238] In December 2020, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Millie Bobby Brown to develop and star in several projects including a potential action franchise.[239] Expansion into gaming, Squid Game, new programing and new initiatives (2021–2022) In March 2021, Netflix earned the most Academy Award nominations of any studio, with 36. Netflix won seven Academy Awards, which was the most by any studio. Later that year, Netflix also won more Emmys than any other network or studio with 44 wins, tying the record for most Emmys won in a single year set by CBS in 1974.[citation needed] On April 8, 2021, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning in 2022, replacing Starz and expanding upon an existing agreement with Sony Pictures Animation. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by Sony Pictures, with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them.[240][241][242] On April 27, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in Toronto.[243] The company also announced that it would open an office in Sweden as well as Rome and Istanbul to increase its original content in those regions.[244] In early-June, Netflix hosted a first-ever week-long virtual event called "Geeked Week," where it shared exclusive news, new trailers, cast appearances and more about upcoming genre titles like The Witcher, The Cuphead Show!, and The Sandman.[245] On June 7, 2021, Jennifer Lopez's Nuyorican Productions signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers.[246] On June 10, 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as Stranger Things and The Witcher.[247][248] On June 21, 2021, Steven Spielberg's Amblin Partners signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service.[249][250] On June 30, 2021, Powerhouse Animation Studios (the studio behind Netflix's Castlevania) announced signing a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.[251] In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[252] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers' plans to the service.[253] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[254] On July 14, 2021, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Joey King, star of The Kissing Booth franchise, in which King will produce and develop films for Netflix via her All The King's Horses production company.[255] On July 21, 2021, Zack Snyder, director of Netflix's Army of the Dead, announced he had signed his production company The Stone Quarry to a first-look deal with Netflix; his upcoming projects include a sequel to Army of the Dead and a sci-fi adventure film titled Rebel Moon.[256][257][258][259] In 2019, he agreed to produce an anime-style web series inspired by Norse mythology.[260][261] As of August 2021, Netflix Originals made up 40% of Netflix's overall library in the United States.[262] The company announced that "TUDUM: A Netflix Global Fan Event", a three-hour virtual behind the scenes featuring first-look reveals for 100 of the streamer's series, films and specials, would have its inaugural show in late September 2021.[263][264] According to Netflix, the show garnered 25.7 million views across Netflix's 29 Netflix YouTube channels, Twitter, Twitch, Facebook, TikTok and Tudum.com.[265] Also in September, the company announced The Queen's Ball: A Bridgerton Experience, launching in 2022 in Los Angeles, Chicago, Montreal, and Washington, D.C..[266] Squid Game, a South Korean survival drama created and produced by Hwang Dong-hyuk, rapidly became the service's most-watched show within a week of its launch in many markets on September 17, 2021, including Korea, the U.S. and the United Kingdom.[192] Within its first 28 days on the service, Squid Game drew more than 111 million viewers, surpassing Bridgerton and becoming Netflix's most-watched show.[267] On September 20, 2021, Netflix signed a long-term lease with Aviva Investors to operate and expand the Longcross Studios in Surrey, UK.[268] On September 21, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire the Roald Dahl Story Company, which manages the rights to Roald Dahl's stories and characters, for an undisclosed price and would operate it as an independent company.[269][270][271][272] The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, on September 28, 2021.[273] On October 13, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of the Netflix Book Club, where readers will hear about new books, films, and series adaptations and have exclusive access to each book's adaptation process. Netflix will partner with Starbucks to bring the book club to life via a social series called But Have You Read the Book?. Uzo Aduba will serve as the inaugural host of the series and announce monthly book selections set to be adapted by the streamer. Aduba will also speak with the cast, creators, and authors about the book adaptation process over a cup of coffee at Starbucks.[274][275] Through October 2021, Netflix commonly reported viewership for its programming based on the number of viewers or households that watched a show in a given period (such as the first 28 days from its premiere) for at least two minutes. On the announcement of its quarterly earnings in October 2021, the company stated that it would switch its viewership metrics to measuring the number of hours that a show was watched, including rewatches, which the company said was closer to the measurements used in linear broadcast television, and thus "our members and the industry can better measure success in the streaming world."[276] Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix intends to add more games to this service over time.[277] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[278] Some games in the collection require an active internet connection to play, while others will be available offline. Netflix Kids' accounts will not have games available.[279] On November 16, Netflix announced the launch of "Top10 on Netflix.com", a new website with weekly global and country lists of the most popular titles on their service based on their new viewership metrics.[280] On November 22, Netflix announced that it would acquire Scanline VFX, the visual effects and animation company behind Cowboy Bebop and Stranger Things.[281] On the same day, Roberto Patino signed a deal with Netflix and established his own production banner, Analog Inc., in partnership with the company. Patino's first project under the deal is a series adaptation of Image Comics' Nocterra.[282] On December 6, 2021, Netflix and Stage 32 announced that they have teamed up the workshops at the Creating Content for the Global Marketplace program.[283] On December 7, 2021, Netflix partnered with IllumiNative, a woman-led non-profit organization, for the Indigenous Producers Training Program.[284][285] On December 9, Netflix announced the launch of "Tudum," an official companion website that offers news, exclusive interviews and behind-the-scenes videos for its original television shows and films.[286] On December 13, Netflix signed a multi-year overall deal with Kalinda Vazquez.[287] On December 16, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year creative partnership with Spike Lee and his production company 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks to develop film and television projects.[288] In compliance with the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive and its implementation in France, Netflix reached commitments with French broadcasting authorities and film guilds, as required by law, to invest a specific amount of its annual revenue into original French films and series. These films must be theatrically released and would not be allowed to be carried on Netflix until 15 months after their release.[289][290] In January 2022, Netflix ordered additional sports docuseries from Drive to Survive producers Box to Box Films, including a series that would follow PGA Tour golfers, and another that would follow professional tennis players on the ATP and WTA Tour circuits.[291][292] The company announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix's expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[293] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[294] On March 15, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Dr. Seuss Enterprises to produce five new series and specials based on Seuss properties following the success of Green Eggs and Ham.[295][296] On March 29, 2022, Netflix announced that it would open an office in Poland to serve as a hub for its original productions across Central and Eastern Europe.[297] On March 30, 2022, Netflix extended its lease agreement with Martini Film Studios, just outside Vancouver, Canada, for another five years.[298] On March 31, 2022, Netflix ordered a docuseries that would follow teams in the 2022 Tour de France, which would also be co-produced by Box to Box Films.[299] Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Netflix suspended its operations and future projects in Russia.[300][4] It also announced that it would not comply with a proposed directive by Roskomnadzor requiring all internet streaming services with more than 100,000 subscribers to integrate the major free-to-air channels (which are primarily state-owned).[301] A month later, ex-Russian subscribers filed a class action lawsuit against Netflix.[302][303] Netflix stated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others, and that Canada and the United States accounted for 30 million of them. Following these announcements, Netflix's stock price fell by 35 percent.[304][305][306][307][308] By June 2022, Netflix had laid off 450 full-time and contract employees as part of the company's plan to trim costs amid lower than expected subscriber growth.[309][310][311][312] On April 13, 2022, Netflix released the series Our Great National Parks, which was hosted and narrated by former US President Barack Obama.[313] It also partnered with Group Effort Initiative, a company founded by Ryan Reynolds and Blake Lively, to provide opportunities behind the camera for those in underrepresented communities.[314] On the same day, Netflix partnered with Lebanon-based Arab Fund For Arts And Culture for supporting the Arab female filmmakers. It will provide a one-time grant of $250,000 to female producers and directors in the Arab world through the company's Fund for Creative Equity.[315] Also on the same day, Netflix announced an Exploding Kittens mobile card game tied to a new animated TV series, which will launch in May.[316] Netflix formed a creative partnership with J. Miles Dale.[317] The company also formed a partnership with Japan's Studio Colorido, signing a multi-film deal to boost their anime content in Asia. The streaming giant is said to co-produce three feature films with the studio, the first of which will premiere in September 2022.[318] On April 28, the company launched its inaugural Netflix Is a Joke comedy festival, featuring more than 250 shows over 12 nights at 30-plus locations across Los Angeles, including the first-ever stand-up show at Dodger Stadium.[319][320] The first volume of Stranger Things 4 logged Netflix's biggest premiere weekend ever for an original series with 286.79 million hours viewed.[321] This was preceded by a new Stranger Things interactive experience hosted in New York City that was developed by the show's creators.[322] After the release of the second volume of Stranger Things 4 on July 1, 2022, it became Netflix's second title to receive more than one billion hours viewed.[323] On July 19, 2022, Netflix announced plans to acquire Australian animation studio Animal Logic.[324][325] That month, in collaboration with Sennheiser, Netflix began to add Ambeo 2-channel audio mixes (referred to as "spatial audio") to selected original productions, which allows simulated surround sound on stereo speakers and headphones.[326][327] On September 5, 2022, Netflix opened an office in Warsaw, Poland responsible for the service's operations in 28 markets in Central and Eastern Europe.[328] On October 4, 2022, Netflix have signed a creative partnership with Andrea Berloff and John Gatins.[329] On October 11, Netflix signed up with the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board for external measurement of viewership in the UK.[330] On October 12, Netflix signed to build a production complex at Fort Monmouth in Eatontown, New Jersey.[331] On October 18, Netflix began exploring a cloud gaming offering and opened a new gaming studio in Southern California.[332] On November 7, 2022, Netflix announced a strategic partnership with The Seven, a Japanese production company owned by TBS Holdings, to produce multiple original live-action titles for the subscribers over the next five years.[333][334] On December 12, 2022, Netflix announced that sixty-percent of its subscribers had watched a Korean drama.[335][336] CEO Ted Sarandos attributed the increase in viewership of Korean content among Americans to Korean films and dramas being "often unpredictable" and catching "the American audience by surprise".[337][338] On January 10, 2023, Netflix announced plans to open an engineering hub in its Warsaw office. The hub is to provide Netflix's creative partners with software solutions for the production of films and series.[339] In February 2023, Netflix launched a wider rollout of spatial audio, and began allowing Premium subscribers to download content for offline playback on up to six devices (expanded from four).[326][327] On March 4, 2023, Netflix broadcast its first-ever global live-streaming event, the stand-up comedy special Chris Rock: Selective Outrage.[340] Netflix reworked its viewership metrics again in June 2023. Viewership of shows was measured during the first 91 days of availability, instead of the first 28 days, and now are based on the total viewership hours divided by the total hours of the show itself. This provided more equal considerations for shorter shows and movies compared to longer ones.[341] In August 2023, the company announced Netflix Stories, a collection of interactive narrative games from Netflix series and films such as Love is Blind, Money Heist and Virgin River.[342] Discontinuation of DVD rentals, corporate restructuring, WWE agreement, (2023–present) On April 18, 2023, Netflix announced that it would discontinue its DVD-by-mail service on September 29.[343] Users of the service were able to keep the DVDs that they had received. Over its lifetime the service had sent out over 5 billion shipments.[344][345] In October 2023, Eunice Kim was promoted to Chief Product Officer and Elizabeth Stone was promoted to Chief Technology Officer.[346] That same month, amid a restructuring of its animation division, Netflix announced a multi-film agreement with Skydance Animation beginning with the upcoming Spellbound. The agreement partially replaces one it had with Apple TV+.[347][348] In December 2023, Netflix released its first "What We Watched: A Netflix Engagement Report", a look at viewership for every original and licensed title watched more than 50,000 hours from January to June 2023. The company also announced plans to publish the report twice a year.[349][350] In its first report for the first six months of 2023, it reported that The Night Agent was the most watched show on globally in the that period.[351] On January 23, 2024, Netflix announced a major agreement with professional wrestling promotion WWE, under which it will acquire the international rights to its live weekly program Raw beginning in January 2025; the rights will initially cover the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Latin America, and expand to other territories over time. Outside of the United States, it will also hold international rights to all three of WWE's main weekly programs (Raw, SmackDown, and NXT), premium live events, and documentaries among other content. The agreement was reported to be valued at $500 million per-year over ten years.[352][353][354] In February 2024, Netflix joined with Peter Morgan, creator of the Netflix series The Crown, to produce the play Patriots on Broadway. The venture is the first Broadway credit for the company but not it’s first stage project. It was actively involved as a producer of Stranger Things: The First Shadow in London. Both productions share a lead producer, Sonia Friedman.[355] Availability and access Global availability Further information: International expansion of Netflix Availability of Netflix, as of March 2022:   Available   Unavailable (China,[356] North Korea, Russia[357] and Syria.) Netflix is available in every country and territory except for China, North Korea, Crimea, Syria and Russia.[358] In January 2016, Netflix announced it would begin VPN blocking since it can be used to watch videos from a country where they are unavailable.[359] The result of the VPN block is that people can only watch videos available worldwide and other videos are hidden from search results.[360] Variety is present on Netflix. Hebrew and right-to-left interface orientation, which is a common localization strategy in many markets, are what define the Israeli user interface's localization, and in some regions, Netflix offers a more affordable mobile-only subscription.[361] Subscriptions Customers can subscribe to one of three plans; the difference in plans relates to video resolution, the number of simultaneous streams, and the number of devices to which content can be downloaded.[362] At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix estimated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others.[307] In March 2022, Netflix began to charge a fee for additional users in Chile, Peru, and Costa Rica to attempt to control account sharing.[305][306][307] On July 18, 2022, Netflix announced that it would test the account sharing feature in more countries, including Argentina, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras.[363] On October 17, Netflix launched Profile Transfer to help end account sharing.[364] On July 13, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Microsoft to launch an advertising-supported subscription plan.[365] Netflix's planned advertising tier would not allow subscribers to download content like the existing ad-free platform.[366] On July 20, 2022, it was announced that the advertising-supported tier would be coming to Netflix in 2023 but it would not feature the full library of content.[367] Netflix US launched with 5.1% of the library unavailable including 60 Netflix Originals.[368] In September, Netflix announced that the launch would be moved up to November 1, 2022,[369][370] but in October, the launch date was changed to November 3, 2022. The ad-supported plan is called "Basic with Ads" and it costs $6.99 per month in the United States.[371] On February 24, 2023, Netflix cut subscription prices in more than 30 countries around the world to attract more subscribers from those countries. Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Croatia, Venezuela, Kenya, and Iran are on the list of countries where the cost for a subscription will be reduced.[372] In the same month stronger anti-password-sharing rules were expanded to Canada, New Zealand, Portugal, and Spain.[373] In May 2023, these measures were further expanded to United States and Brazil subscribers.[374][375][376] In July 2023, Netflix added 5.9 million subscribers for the second quarter of the year for a total of 238.39 million subscribers overall. The United States and Canada accounted for 1.2 million subscribers which was the largest regional quarterly gain since 2021.[7][377] Device support Netflix can be accessed via a web browser, while Netflix apps are available on various platforms, including Blu-ray players, tablet computers, mobile phones, smart TVs, digital media players, and video game consoles, with the app being available on Xbox 360,[378] PlayStation 3,[379] Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Xbox Series X/S and PlayStation 5 consoles. A Sharp Aquos remote control with a Netflix button Previously, it was also available on PlayStation 2,[380] Nintendo Wii,[381] Nintendo 3DS, Wii U,[382] PlayStation Vita and PlayStation TV.[383] In addition, a growing number of multichannel television providers, including cable television and IPTV services, have added Netflix apps accessible within their own set-top boxes, sometimes with the ability for its content (along with those of other online video services) to be presented within a unified search interface alongside linear television programming as an "all-in-one" solution.[384][385][386][387] The maximum video resolution supported on computers is dependent on the DRM systems available on a particular operating system and web browser.[388] Operating System Web Browser DRM system Maximum allowed video resolution Microsoft Windows 7 or later MacOS 10.11 or later Linux (dependent on distribution variant) Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera Widevine 720p (with Widevine L1) Microsoft Windows 10 or later Microsoft Edge PlayReady 4K (device must fulfil hardware requirements)[389] MacOS 10.11 through MacOS 10.15 Apple Safari FairPlay 1080p MacOS 11 or later Apple Safari FairPlay 4K ChromeOS Google Chrome Widevine 1080p (with Widevine L1) Android mobile app Widevine 480p (devices with Widevine L3 only) 1080p (devices with Widevine L1 certification) [390] iOS mobile app FairPlay 1080p[391] Content Original programming Netflix Original Movies Further information on Netflix original programming: Lists of Netflix original television series (both current, and ended), original films, and stand-up comedy specials Further information on Netflix international offerings: Lists of Netflix exclusive international distribution programming "Netflix Originals" are content that is produced, co-produced, or distributed exclusively by Netflix. Netflix funds its original shows differently than other TV networks when they sign a project, providing the money upfront and immediately ordering two seasons of most series.[392] It keeps licensing rights, which normally give production companies future revenue opportunities from syndication, merchandising, etc.[159][393] Over the years, Netflix output ballooned to a level unmatched by any television network or streaming service. According to Variety Insight, Netflix produced a total of 240 new original shows and movies in 2018, then climbed to 371 in 2019, a figure "greater than the number of original series that the entire U.S. TV industry released in 2005."[394] The Netflix budget allocated to production increased annually, reaching $13.6 billion in 2021 and projected to hit $18.9 billion by 2025, a figure that once again overshadowed any of its competitors.[395] As of August 2022, original productions made up 50% of Netflix's overall library in the United States.[396] Film and television deals Netflix has exclusive pay TV deals with several studios. The deals give Netflix exclusive streaming rights while adhering to the structures of traditional pay TV terms. Distributors that have licensed content to Netflix include Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment and previously The Walt Disney Studios. Netflix also holds current and back-catalog rights to television programs distributed by Walt Disney Television, DreamWorks Classics, Kino International, Warner Bros. Television and Paramount Global Content Distribution, along with titles from other companies such as Hasbro Entertainment and Funimation. Formerly, the streaming service also held rights to select television programs distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, Sony Pictures Television and 20th Century Fox Television. Netflix negotiated to distribute animated films from Universal that HBO declined to acquire, such as The Lorax, ParaNorman, and Minions.[397] Netflix holds exclusive streaming rights to the film library of Studio Ghibli (with the exception of Grave of the Fireflies) worldwide except in the U.S. and Japan as part of an agreement signed with Ghibli's international sales holder Wild Bunch in 2020.[398] Gaming In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[399] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers' plans to the service.[400] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[401] Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix intends to add more games to this service over time.[402] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[403] Verdu said in October 2022 that besides continuing to expand their portfolio of games, they were also interested in cloud gaming options.[404] To support the games effort, Netflix began acquiring and forming a number of studios. The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021.[405] Netflix announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix's expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[406] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[294] Netflix opened a mobile game studio in Helsinki, Finland in September 2022,[407] and a new studio, their fifth total, in southern California in October 2022,[404] alongside the acquisition of Spry Fox in Seattle.[408] Technology Content delivery Netflix freely peers with Internet service providers (ISPs) directly and at common Internet exchange points. In June 2012, a custom content delivery network, Open Connect, was announced.[409] For larger ISPs with over 100,000 subscribers, Netflix offers free Netflix Open Connect Computer appliances that cache their content within the ISPs' data centers or networks to further reduce Internet transit costs.[410][411] By August 2016, Netflix closed its last physical data center, but continued to develop its Open Connect technology.[412] A 2016 study at the University of London detected 233 individual Open Connect locations on over six continents, with the largest amount of traffic in the US, followed by Mexico.[413][414] As of July 2017, Netflix series and movies accounted for more than a third of all prime-time download Internet traffic in North America.[415] API On October 1, 2008, Netflix offered access to its service via a public application programming interface (API).[416] It allowed access to data for all Netflix titles, and allows users to manage their movie queues. The API was free and allowed commercial use.[417] In June 2012, Netflix began to restrict the availability of its public API.[418] Netflix instead focused on a small number of known partners using private interfaces, since most traffic came from those private interfaces.[419] In June 2014, Netflix announced it would be retiring the public API; it became effective November 14, 2014.[420] Netflix then partnered with the developers of eight services deemed the most valuable, including Instant Watcher, Fanhattan, Yidio and Nextguide.[421] Recommendations and thumbnails Netflix presents viewers with recommendations based on previous viewing history and ratings of viewed content. These are often grouped into genres and formats, or feature the platform's highest-rated content. Each title is presented with a thumbnail. Before around 2015, these were the same key art for everyone, but since then has been customized. Netflix may select a specific actor for a thumbnail based on viewing history,[422] or an actor or scene type based on genre preferences.[423] Some thumbnails are generated from video stills.[424] Tags like "bittersweet", "sitcom", or "intimate" are assigned to each title by Netflix employees.[425] Netflix also uses the tags to create recommendation micro-genres like "Goofy TV Shows" or "Girls Night In".[425] Awards Further information: List of accolades received by Netflix On July 18, 2013, Netflix earned the first Primetime Emmy Awards nominations for original streaming programs at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Three of its series, Arrested Development, Hemlock Grove and House of Cards, earned a combined 14 nominations (nine for House of Cards, three for Arrested Development and two for Hemlock Grove).[426] The House of Cards episode "Chapter 1" received four nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, becoming the first episode of a streaming television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination. With its win for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series, "Chapter 1" became the first episode from a streaming service to be awarded an Emmy.[426][427][428] David Fincher's win for Directing for a Drama Series for House of Cards made the episode the first from a streaming service to win a Primetime Emmy.[429] On November 6, 2013, Netflix earned its first Grammy nomination when You've Got Time by Regina Spektor — the main title theme song for Orange Is the New Black — was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[430] On December 12, 2013, the network earned six nominations for Golden Globe Awards, including four for House of Cards.[431] Among those nominations was Wright for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her portrayal of Claire Underwood, which she won. With the accolade, Wright became the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a streaming television series. It also marked Netflix's first major acting award.[432][433][434] House of Cards and Orange is the New Black also won Peabody Awards in 2013.[435] On January 16, 2014, Netflix became the first streaming service to earn an Academy Award nomination when The Square was nominated for Best Documentary Feature.[436] On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, House of Cards received nominations for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Orange is the New Black was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba's recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show's second season).[437] Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy Award nominations, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: House of Cards with Kevin Spacey, A Very Murray Christmas with Bill Murray, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Master of None, and Bloodline.[438] Stranger Things received 19 nominations at the 2017 Primetime Emmy Awards, while The Crown received 13 nominations.[439] In December 2017, Netflix was awarded PETA's Company of the Year for promoting animal rights movies and documentaries like Forks Over Knives and What the Health.[440][441] At the 90th Academy Awards, held on March 4, 2018, the film Icarus, distributed by Netflix, won its first Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film. During his remarks backstage, director and writer Bryan Fogel remarked that Netflix had "single-handedly changed the documentary world." Icarus had its premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival and was bought by Netflix for $5 million, one of the biggest deals ever for a non-fiction film.[442] Netflix became the network whose programs received more nomination at the 2018 Primetime and Creative Arts Emmy Awards with 112 nominations, therefore breaking HBO's 17-years record as a network whose programs received more nomination at the Emmys, which received 108 nominations.[443][444] On January 22, 2019, films distributed by Netflix scored 15 nominations for the 91st Academy Awards, including Academy Award for Best Picture for Alfonso Cuarón's Roma, which was nominated for 10 awards.[445] The 15 nominations equal the total nominations films distributed by Netflix had received in previous years. In 2020, Netflix received 20 TV nominations and films distributed by Netflix also got 22 film nominations at the 78th Golden Globe Awards. It secured three out of the five nominations for best drama TV series for The Crown, Ozark and Ratched and four of the five nominations for best actress in a TV series: Olivia Colman, Emma Corrin, Laura Linney and Sarah Paulson.[446][447] In 2020, Netflix earned 24 Academy Award nominations, marking the first time a streaming service led all studios.[448] Films and programs distributed by Netflix received 30 nominations at the 2021 Screen Actors Guild Awards, more than any other distribution company, where their distributed films and programs won seven awards including best motion picture for The Trial of the Chicago 7 and best TV drama for The Crown.[449][450] Netflix also received the most nominations of any studio at the 93rd Academy Awards – 35 total nominations with 7 award wins.[451][452] In February 2022, The Power of the Dog, a gritty western distributed by Netflix and directed by Jane Campion, received 12 nominations, including Best Picture, for the 94th annual Academy Awards. Films distributed by the streamer received a total of 72 nominations.[453] Campion became the third female to receive the Best Director award, winning her second Oscar for The Power of the Dog.[454] At the 50th International Emmy Awards, Netflix original Sex Education won Best Comedy Series.[455] Later that year, Netflix received 26 Emmy Awards including six for Squid Game. The Squid Game wins for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series were the first-ever for a non-English language series in those categories.[456] In March 2023, Netflix won six Academy Awards including four for All Quiet on the Western Front which was the most awarded Netflix film in its history. Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio was the first streaming film to named Best Animated Feature and The Elephant Whisperers was the first Indian-produced film to receive Best Documentary Short Film.[457] Netflix received 103 Emmy nominations including 13 each for the limited series Beef and Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story.[458] Criticism Main article: Criticism of Netflix Netflix has been subject to criticism from various groups and individuals as its popularity and market reach increased in the 2010s. Customers have complained about price increases in Netflix offerings dating back to the company's decision to separate its DVD rental and streaming services, which was quickly reversed. As Netflix increased its streaming output, it has faced calls to limit accessibility to graphic violence and include viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix's content has also been criticized by disability rights movement advocates for lack of closed captioning quality.[459] Some media organizations and competitors have criticized Netflix for selectively releasing ratings and viewer numbers of its original programming. The company has made claims boasting about viewership records without providing data to substantiate its successes or using problematic estimation methods.[460] In March 2020, some government agencies called for Netflix and other streamers to limit services due to increased broadband and energy consumption as use of the platform increased. In response, the company announced it would reduce bit rate across all streams in Europe, thus decreasing Netflix traffic on European networks by around 25 percent. These same steps were later taken in India.[461] In May 2022, Netflix's shareholder Imperium Irrevocable Trust filed a lawsuit against the company for violating the U.S. securities laws.[462] See also Film portal icon Television portal Companies portal San Francisco Bay Area portal List of streaming media services Netflix Operated by Netflix, Inc. 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1
  • Condition: In Excellent Condition
  • Options: Commemorative
  • Year of Issue: 2024
  • Currency: Squid Game
  • Fineness: 0.5
  • Features: Commemorative
  • Material: Gold
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: Korea, Republic of
  • Variety: Olympic
  • Country of Origin: United States
  • Colour: Gold

PicClick Insights - Squid Game Gold Coin Kids Play Ground Turning Head Asia Signed Card Drama Series PicClick Exclusive

  •  Popularity - 2 watchers, 0.5 new watchers per day, 4 days for sale on eBay. Good amount watching. 0 sold, 1 available.
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  •  Seller - 33,555+ items sold. 0.2% negative feedback. Great seller with very good positive feedback and over 50 ratings.

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